rahu – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

  ‘The war council’ – Māo...  

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He taua Māori tērā e whakatumatuma ana i mua i tētahi pakanga. Nō te whenua o Prussia a Manurau, koia te ngārahu o te Taua Ngahere (Forest Rangers). I te tau 1868 ka mate a Manurau i Taranaki, i te pakanga ki a Tītokowaru.

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In the 1840s and more seriously in the 1860s war broke out as Māori sought to defend their land and local authority from a growing European population. In this image, from the end of the wars in Waikato in 1864, Gustavus von Tempsky portrays a group of Māori preparing to fight. Von Tempsky was a Prussian who commanded a company of Forest Rangers, drawn together in the hopes of matching Māori bush tactics. He was eventually killed in Taranaki in 1868, during the conflict with the outstanding Māori military leader, Tītokowaru.

  The god Tāne – Māori cr...  

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Ka mea ōna tuakana ki a Tāne, ‘Hua noa, ī, e wehea ai tō tatou pāpā, e mārama tātou te tiro ake ki a ia’. Kātahi ka mau a Tāne ki te rahu – ko te rahu nei ko Te Ika-o-te-rangi; ngā kai o roto, ko ngā whetū.

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It was Tāne-nui-a-Rangi who propped up the sky so it floated above. What he did was speak to his father: ‘Old man, you must be separated up above, so there will be light when you look down upon us’. … Then he said, ‘Perhaps, when I am separated up above, I will not make light’. Tāne told him, ‘I will give you signs’. So then he was propped up by them … Behold, their father was separated up above! Then his elder brothers said to Tāne, ‘Oh, we thought that when our father was separated, we would be able to look up and see him clearly.’ So then Tāne took a basket – this basket was The Fish-of-the-Sky, and the stars were the food inside it. He threw it to the sky, and as well he threw the sun and the moon. So then there was light. Then at last they saw what they looked like, and what their parents were like as well.

  Te Whakataupuka – Hauro...  

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Ka aratakina e Te Whakataupuka ana toa o Murihiku ki Waihora (Lake Ellesmere) kia hono atu hei tuarā mō te taua a Taiaroa rangatira o Taumutu, o Ōtākou. Ko te tuahine o Taiaroa ko Te Parure tētahi o rātou. Ka riro ko Te Whakataupuka te kaingārahu o taua ope i te pakanga i waho i te moana i Akaroa.

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Te Whakataupuka came to prominence when he moved to the strategic base of Ruapuke Island, in Foveaux Strait, about 1825, on the death of the previous chief, Tupai, his uncle by marriage. In 1826 he accompanied Edwin Palmer on a sealing expedition to Taieri Mouth. In 1827, during the feud known as Kaihuanga, between Ngai Tahu hapu of the Canterbury Plains area, he took the Murihiku warriors north to join the Otakou chief Taiaroa in support of the people of Taumutu, at the southern end of Waihora (Lake Ellesmere). Among them was Taiaroa's sister Te Parure. Te Whakataupuka commanded the victorious southerners at Akaroa, in a battle at sea.

  4. Te Pākehā – Ngāi Tuh...  

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Hei te tau 1863, 1864 ranei, ka haere a Rewi Maniapoto, te kaingārahu o Ngāti Maniapoto ki Te Urewera ki te tono āwhina i a Tūhoe mō ngā riri ki Waikato. I tana tono, ka kōrero a Rewi mō ngā hononga tata i waenganui i a Tūhoe me Waikato, arā, te haerenga a Tūhoe-pōtiki ki Kāwhia, mate atu; te tuku mātātahi a Te Purewa o Tūhoe rāua ko Peehi Tūkorehu o Ngāti Maniapoto i Te Whāiti i ngā tau whā tekau ki mua; te kupu tautoko a Tūhoe k te Kīngitanga i te hui nui i tū ki Pūkawa i Taupō i te tau 1856; ngā pānga a Ngāti Whare (hapū nō Tūhoe) ki a Tainui.

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In 1863 or early 1864, Ngāti Maniapoto war leader Rewi Maniapoto visited Te Urewera seeking allies for the war in the Waikato. In his request to the chiefs of Tūhoe, Rewi recalled the close bonds between Tūhoe and Waikato. He alluded to the resting place of the ancestor Tūhoe at Kāwhia in Waikato, and the epic duel between the chiefs Te Purewa of Tūhoe and Peehi Tūkorehu of Ngāti Maniapoto at Te Whāiti 40 years earlier. This ended in stalemate, with an exchange of weapons between the two great warrior chiefs. Rewi also referred to the pledge of Tūhoe support for the Māori King at the great conference of tribes held at Pūkawa, Lake Taupō, in 1856, and to the blood ties between Ngāti Whare (a Tūhoe hapū) and Tainui.

  Ngāi Tuhoe – Te Ara Enc...  

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He mate nui ka pā ki te iwi i tēnei whakapae, inarā, ka haere mai te kāwanatanga, ka raupatuhia ngā whenua papai rawa atu. Nō muri iho, ka whakaekea a Te Urewera e ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga e rapu ana i a Te Kooti Arikirangi, he poropiti, he ngārahu, he toa nō Te Tai Rāwhiti.

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Because they lived so far from centres of trade, Tūhoe contact with Europeans came much later than for other tribes. But they did trade with other Māori for European goods such as livestock and seeds. Their first major contact with Europeans came during the wars of the 1860s. Tūhoe fought the government in the battle of Ōrākau in 1864. They were wrongly accused of being in rebellion when a missionary was killed in Ōpōtiki, and their fertile lands were taken. Worse was to follow when government troops invaded Te Urewera in search of Te Kooti Arikirangi, a prophet and resistance leader from the East Coast.

  3. Ngā Rau tau 1900, 20...  

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Rokohanga atu ki te wāhanga tuarua o te rau tau 1900, arā anō ngā kaiārahi o Rangitāne i mahi i ngā mahi nui mā te iwi Māori, mā te motu whānui hoki: Tipi Rōpiha (he kaimahi kāwanatanga), Rangi Ruru Karaitiana (he kaiwhakatangitangi pūoro), Rina Moore (he tākuta), Manahi Nītama Paewai (he kaitākaro whutupōro, he tākuta), Taylor Mihaere (Te Kaunihera o Te Papa-i-oea), Brian Poananga (he kaingārahu, he takawaenga kāwanatanga), Barbara Devonshire (Kaimahi Toko i te Ora), Īnia Te Rangi (Heamana o Te Mauri o Rangitāne, te kaunihera kaumātua o te iwi), Rangi Fitzgerald (Te Komiti o Rangitaane).

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In the second half of the 20th century, contributions by Rangitāne to Māori and to the nation were also made by such exceptional people as Tipi Rōpiha (public servant), Rangi Ruru Karaitiana (musician), Rina Moore (doctor), Manahi Nītama Paewai (rugby player and doctor), Taylor Mihaere (Palmerston North city councillor), Brian Poananga (military leader and diplomat), Barbara Devonshire (Māori welfare officer), Inia Te Rangi (chairman of Te Mauri o Rangitaane, the council of elders) and Rangi Fitzgerald (member, Rangitaane Māori Committee).

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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He kaingārahu tino whakahirahira a Te Rauparaha nō tōna iwi. Nāna rātou i ārahi mai i te mate i Kāwhia, kia tū rangatira i ngā whenua hou i raupatutia e rātou i te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui, me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu.

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Te Rauparaha was a great tribal leader. He took his tribe from defeat at Kawhia to the conquest of new territories in central New Zealand. As a war leader he enjoyed great success. The tribes he defeated attribute his success to Ngati Toa's possession of muskets rather than to Te Rauparaha's military genius. Without his leadership, however, it is doubtful if Ngati Toa would have attempted the great migration and seized the opportunities open to them. Having done so, they changed the tribal structure of New Zealand for ever.

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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Ahakoa ehara nō te kāhui tumu whakarae, i riro i a ia te tūranga kaingārahu o tōna iwi, nā runga tonu rā i tōna hikareia ki te tiaki i ngā take e pā ana ki tōna iwi, me tana pūkenga hoki i te kauhanga riri.

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Te Rauparaha was the son of Werawera, of Ngati Toa, and his second wife, Parekowhatu (Parekohatu), of Ngati Raukawa. He is said to have been a boy when Captain James Cook was in New Zealand. If so, it is likely that he was born in the 1760s. He was born either at Kawhia or at his mother's home, Maungatautari. He was descended from Hoturoa of the Tainui canoe; both his parents were descended from the founding ancestors of their tribes. Although not of the highest rank, he rose to the leadership of Ngati Toa because of his aggressive defence of his tribe's interests and his skill in battle. He was short in stature but of great muscular strength. In profile, he had aquiline features; when excited his eyes would gleam and his lower lip would curl downwards.

  5. Te hū o Tarawera – T...  

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Aoake, kua pō kerekere te rangi mai i Rotorua ki Maketū – ko te ngārahu tērā i rukea ki runga. I taupokina katoatia a Rotomahana me ngā tūāpapa. Neke atu i te e 150 ngā uri o Tūhourangi rāua ko Ngāti Rangitihi i mate.

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The following day it was pitch black from Rotoiti to Maketū – ash choked the skies. Lake Rotomahana, its terraces and over 150 Tūhourangi–Ngāti Rangitihi residents were buried. Protected by a valley, the village of Te Wairoa was distant enough for most residents to survive. Many sheltered in Guide Sophia’s house, which did not collapse. The priest Tūhoto Ariki also survived: he was dug from his buried house four days later.

  Pōhio, Horomona – Hauro...  

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Ko tō rātou kāinga i Te Wai-a-Te Ruatī, i pātata atu ki Arowhenua. Ko Te Maihāroa te tohunga; ko Pōhio te kaingārahu mō te ture tangata, mō ngā tikanga taiao. Ka noho māharahara a Pōhio mō ngā hua ka puta i te hokonga o ngā whenua o Ngāi Tahu.

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Horomona Pohio was a participant in the signing of the Otago purchase deed in 1844. He was also a signatory to the sale of Canterbury in 1848, and the Murihiku purchase in 1853. In 1859 he was made an assessor at Te Waimatemate, a position which carried the duties of a local magistrate, and in the 1860s spent some time in Hawke's Bay. On his return to the South Island he became a follower of Ngai Tahu tohunga Hipa Te Maiharoa, at Te Wai-a-te-ruati, near Arowhenua, and a missionary for the Kaingarara religion, which had similarities with the teachings of Te Ua Haumene in the North Island.

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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I whai wāhi a Te Rauparaha ki te maha o ngā take whakatutū puehu, i te wā e pakari haere nei te taupatupatu o te riri. Nāna te taua ki te whenua kūraruraru ki te raki o Kāwhia, kia hinga ko Te Uira, he kaingārahu nō Waikato.

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From the late eighteenth century Ngati Toa and related tribes, including Ngati Raukawa, were constantly at war with the Waikato tribes for control of the rich fertile land north of Kawhia. The wars intensified whenever a major chief was killed or insults and slights suffered. Te Rauparaha was involved in many of these incidents as tensions mounted. He led a war party into disputed territory north of Kawhia and the Waikato chief Te Uira was killed. On another occasion he led a war party by canoe to Whaingaroa (Raglan Harbour) to avenge the killing of a group of Ngati Toa; his nieces had been among the victims. Young warriors gathered around him as he was an aggressive war leader.

  6. Te noho motuhake – N...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Ka whakatūhia e Ngāi Tūhoe he pou ki ngā ara e kuhu ana ki Te Urewera, hei ārai, hei whakatūpato i te rāwaho me te Pākehā. Ko Eru Tamaikoha te kaingārahu o ngā hapū o Te Waimana i te raki o Te Urewera.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Following the cessation of hostilities in 1872, Tūhoe convened a governing council of chiefs called Te Whitu Tekau – The Seventy. They were charged with protecting the lands of the tribe and keeping out government authority. Their catchcry was ‘Kaua te rori, kaua te rūri, kaua te rīhi, kaua te hoko’ (No roads, no survey, no leasing land, no selling land).

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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Ka whakatika atu a Te Rauparaha me tētahi matua o te waitaua ki Kaiapoi, he tino pā nō Ngāi Tahu. Na, ko Te Pēhi Kupe me ōna hoa ngārahu tokowhitu anake, i tomo atu ki te hoko pounamu. Ina hoki kua rongo kē te iwi o Kaiapoi mō te tukinga o ō rātou whanaunga i Kaikōura, ka patua e rātou ngā rangatira o Ngāti Toa nei, kātahi ka kainga.

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Te Rauparaha led part of the war party to the Ngai Tahu stronghold, Kaiapoi pa. Te Pehi Kupe and seven other Ngati Toa chiefs entered the pa to trade for greenstone. The people at Kaiapoi knew of the attack on their relations at Kaikoura and the Ngati Toa chiefs were killed and eaten. Ngati Toa then unsuccessfully attacked the pa, although killing about 100 Ngai Tahu prisoners. Te Rauparaha returned to Kapiti. In 1830 the attack on Ngai Tahu was resumed. Captain John Stewart took about 100 Ngati Toa warriors to Akaroa, hidden in the brig Elizabeth. He lured Ngai Tahu chief Tama-i-hara-nui aboard by offering to trade for muskets. Tama-i-hara-nui was taken, together with his wife and daughter, tortured and put to death at Kapiti. On the ship, he strangled his daughter to prevent her from being enslaved.

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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He kaingārahu tino whakahirahira a Te Rauparaha nō tōna iwi. Nāna rātou i ārahi mai i te mate i Kāwhia, kia tū rangatira i ngā whenua hou i raupatutia e rātou i te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui, me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu.

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Te Rauparaha was a great tribal leader. He took his tribe from defeat at Kawhia to the conquest of new territories in central New Zealand. As a war leader he enjoyed great success. The tribes he defeated attribute his success to Ngati Toa's possession of muskets rather than to Te Rauparaha's military genius. Without his leadership, however, it is doubtful if Ngati Toa would have attempted the great migration and seized the opportunities open to them. Having done so, they changed the tribal structure of New Zealand for ever.

  4. Te tekau tau atu i 1...  

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I taua wā anō, e hoki whakatetonga ana tētahi ope taua nō Te Ati Awa, ko tōna kaingārahu, ko Wī Tako Ngātata. Ka piki te taua ki Heretaunga (Te Awakairangi), ka whakaekea a Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia ki tō rātou kāinga ki Pūniu-nuku.

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About the same time, the Te Āti Awa leader Wī Tako Ngātata and a war party were returning south. They made their way to Heretaunga (the Hutt Valley) and attacked the Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia settlement called Puniunuku. Their aim was to avenge the death of the Ngāti Mutunga chief, Te Momi. In gratitude Patukawenga of Ngāti Mutunga made Waiwhetū, the area east of the Heretaunga (Hutt) River mouth, tapu (sacred) for the Ngāmotu people.

  Ngata, Āpirana Turupa –...  

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Ko ngā tūnga kaingārahu o Wahawaha me te pāpā o Ngata mō ngā mahi ahu whenua me ngā hanganga hou i te wā kāinga, i āta tukutukuna mai ki a ia. I waimarie kē atu a Ngāti Porou tēnā i ētahi atu iwi, nā te mea i mau tonu i a rātau tō rātau whenua: ahakoa i rīhitia ētahi o aua whenua pukepuke ki te Pākehā, i mau tonu i te iwi te nuinga o ō rātau whenua pai.

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Local affairs began increasingly to occupy Ngata's time. At home he was gradually taking over from Wahawaha and his father the leadership in land development and reform. Ngati Porou had been more fortunate than other tribes in preserving their land: while they had leased some of their hill country to Pakeha, they retained most of their better land in tribal ownership. Under Wahawaha and Paratene Ngata they had started sheepfarming in the last two decades of the century. The young Apirana greatly expanded this activity, and by 1916 Ngati Porou had 156 flocks and a total of 180,919 sheep. They invested heavily in pasture improvement, buildings and equipment, including mechanical shearing machines, although Ngata was careful to control their level of debt. Ngati Porou wool was bringing top prices.

  Ngāti Ruanui – Te Ara E...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Hei tiaki i ō rātou whenua, ka hono a Ngāti Ruanui ki a Te Āti Awa ki te whawhai ki te Karauna. Ko Tītokowaru te kaingārahu o ngā iwi whakakeke. Nō te tau 1868 ka kōkiritia ngā hōia i tō rātou pā hōia, ka hinga hoki te ope taua Pākehā ki Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, te pā whawhai o Tītokowaru.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	However, the wars of the 1860s saw Ngāti Ruanui disadvantaged again. They joined forces with Te Āti Awa to fight against the British Crown and protect their land. The military leader Tītokowaru played an important role in the conflict. In 1868 he attacked an outpost and later successfully defended his pā, Te Ngutu-o-te-manu. But the government eventually gained control of south Taranaki.

  1. Ngā whakamahinga i t...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Ko te oneone pai mō te ono kūmara ko te one māmā, mahana, one-pū hoki. Ki te kore e pēnei, ka tahuri te Māori ki te tāpiri i te kirikiri me te one-pū ki te oneone, kia aha ai, kia rere noa atu ai te wai; he wā anō ka whakamahia te ngārahu, te anga rānei.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	The preferred soil for growing kūmara was light, warm and sandy. Where this was not available, Māori horticulturalists added gravel and sand, and less commonly charcoal and shells, to the existing soil, probably to improve drainage. Large amounts of gravel were quarried for this purpose, and the holes left from this are known as borrow pits.

  1. Ngā whakamahinga i t...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	I tua atu, ka pania ki te waka, ki te whare, tae rawa atu ki ngā kōiwi o te tangata i mate. Ka poipoi i te kōkōwai, kātahi ka tunu te ngārahu ki te ahi rānei, ka konatu ki te hinu mangō. Ko tākou te ingoa o tētahi atu momo hōrū.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Red ochre, found in clay, was smeared on people’s faces and bodies as a sign of chiefly status. It was also used on carved items such as waka (canoes) or houses, and even on the bones of the dead. Kōkōwai, one type of red ochre, was rolled into balls, baked in fire or hot ashes, then mixed with shark oil. Tākou was another type of red ochre.

  Te Kawau, Āpihai – Haur...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Nō Noema i te tau 1869 ka mate a Te Kawau i Ōngārahu i Kaipara. Ka mahue ake ana tamariki tokorua, Te Hira Te Kawau rāua ko tana tuahine ko Hera Whakamana. Nā rāua ka puta ko Ngāti Whātua whānui e noho mai rā i Ōrākei.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Te Kawau died at Ongarahu, Kaipara, in mid November 1869. He was survived by his son, Te Hira Te Kawau; and by his daughter, Hera Whakamana, from whom are descended many Ngati Whatua people. Te Kawau is buried at Kaipara.

  4. Pūnaha kāwanatanga –...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Ko te mahi nui a te kāwana tianara, ko te tono i te kaitaki o te rōpū nui i te Pāremata kia whakatū kāwanatanga (me kī, whai muri i ngā pōti). Mā te kāwana tianara anō e uhi i te mana o te Karauna ki ngā hanganga ture o te Pāremata, ā, koia hoki te ngārahu matua o ngā ope taua.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	The governor general’s main function is to ask the leader of the majority party in Parliament (usually after an election) to form a government. He or she gives the royal assent to acts of Parliament and is the titular commander in chief of the armed forces.

  2. Ngā pakanga – Ngā iw...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	I te tau 1821, ka whakaekea anōtia ngā iwi o Whanganui e tētahi ope taua nō te raki. Ka hinga ngā rāwaho i ngā toa o Whanganui i raro i tō rātou kaingārahu a Hōri Kīngi Te Anaua, he ariki nō te pito whakararo o te awa.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Another raid from the north reached the Whanganui River in 1821. This time it was the lower river chief Hōri Kīngi Te Ānaua who led the defeat of the invaders at Mangatoa. Te Peehi also ensured that Ngāti Raukawa, who twice attacked the upper river, were defeated.

  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  

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I whai wāhi a Te Rauparaha ki te maha o ngā take whakatutū puehu, i te wā e pakari haere nei te taupatupatu o te riri. Nāna te taua ki te whenua kūraruraru ki te raki o Kāwhia, kia hinga ko Te Uira, he kaingārahu nō Waikato.

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From the late eighteenth century Ngati Toa and related tribes, including Ngati Raukawa, were constantly at war with the Waikato tribes for control of the rich fertile land north of Kawhia. The wars intensified whenever a major chief was killed or insults and slights suffered. Te Rauparaha was involved in many of these incidents as tensions mounted. He led a war party into disputed territory north of Kawhia and the Waikato chief Te Uira was killed. On another occasion he led a war party by canoe to Whaingaroa (Raglan Harbour) to avenge the killing of a group of Ngati Toa; his nieces had been among the victims. Young warriors gathered around him as he was an aggressive war leader.

  Awatere, Arapeta Maruki...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Nō Ngāti Porou, nō Ngāti Hine; he kaiwhakamāori, he kaingārahu hōia, he āpiha toko i te ora Māori, he kaitōrangapū ā-rohe, he tangata i whiua e te ture mō te kōhuru
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Ngati Porou and Ngati Hine; interpreter, military leader, Maori welfare officer, local politician, convicted murderer

  The god Tāne – Māori cr...  

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Ka mea ōna tuakana ki a Tāne, ‘Hua noa, ī, e wehea ai tō tatou pāpā, e mārama tātou te tiro ake ki a ia’. Kātahi ka mau a Tāne ki te rahu – ko te rahu nei ko Te Ika-o-te-rangi; ngā kai o roto, ko ngā whetū.

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It was Tāne-nui-a-Rangi who propped up the sky so it floated above. What he did was speak to his father: ‘Old man, you must be separated up above, so there will be light when you look down upon us’. … Then he said, ‘Perhaps, when I am separated up above, I will not make light’. Tāne told him, ‘I will give you signs’. So then he was propped up by them … Behold, their father was separated up above! Then his elder brothers said to Tāne, ‘Oh, we thought that when our father was separated, we would be able to look up and see him clearly.’ So then Tāne took a basket – this basket was The Fish-of-the-Sky, and the stars were the food inside it. He threw it to the sky, and as well he threw the sun and the moon. So then there was light. Then at last they saw what they looked like, and what their parents were like as well.

  Chief Kahura – Te Tau I...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	I te tau 1773, i patua e Ngāti Kuia ngā kauhoe tekau a Kāpene Furneaux. I patua rātou ki te whanga o Wharehunga. Ko Kahura tō rātou ngārahu.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Chief Kahura of Ngāti Kuia, whose men were responsible for the death of 10 of Captain Furneaux’s men at Wharehunga Bay in 1773.

  7. Te aka o te whenua –...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Ko te aruhe te aka o te rārahu, o te rauaruhe ranei. Neke atu i te 2 mita te teitei.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine teara.govt.nz as primary domain	Aruhe is the root of rārahu or rauaruhe (bracken fern), a tough ground fern with reddish-brown stems, which grows up to 2 metres tall.

  2. Te putanga o te hapū...  

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He mea nui ki te aro mai ētahi atu hapū ki tāu tū. Ka arotia ngā hapū hōu mehemea he ngārahu whai mana tō rātou rangatira. Ka taea anō te whakakaha i te hapū mā ngā taumau, mā te hau hoki o te rongo mō te toanga i roto i te pakanga.

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Sometimes separate groups merged with each other to form new groups. Alternatively, very large and strong whānau (extended families) might develop into hapū in their own right. Recognition by other groups as a separate and new hapū was important. New sub-tribes were recognised if, for example, they had a leader with mana and skill in diplomacy, if they were able to strengthen the identity of the hapū by political marriages, or if they were known for their fighting prowess.

  4. Te Pākehā – Te Arawa...  

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Ka nanao a Te Arawa ki ana pū ki te tiaki i ōna whenua, wai, rawa. I pakanga a Te Arawa i Te Kaokaoroa mō te Karauna; ko āna kaingārahu, ko Tohi te Ururangi rāua ko Te Pokiha. Ka whakaweto e Te Arawa ngā ahi o Ngāi Te Rangi rāua ko Ngāti Awa ki Maketū.

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These enterprises stopped with the wars of the 1860s and 1870s. Te Arawa took up arms to defend their customary lands, waterways and resources. Under the leadership of Tohi Te Ururangi and Te Pōkiha at the battle of Te Kaokaoroa, Te Arawa demonstrated their allegiance to the Crown. They also extinguished any possibility that their traditional enemies (Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāti Awa) would try to re-assert any authority from Wairaki to Matatā.

  4. Te Pākehā – Te Arawa...  

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He rahi ngā hoariri mau pū o Te Arawa, pēnei i a Ngāpuhi. Ka rere a Te Arawa ki Mokoia me ngā waka katoa o tōna rohe, i runga i te pōhēhē ka haumaru rātou i ngā pū a Hongi Hika, te ngārahu o Ngāpuhi. Heoi, nā ngā hoariri o Te Arawa, nā Ngāi Te Rangi a Ngāpuhi i ārahi me ō rātou waka mā te pūaha o Pongakawa ki Rotoehu.

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Te Arawa also faced enemy tribes, such as Ngāpuhi, armed with muskets obtained from Europeans. Te Arawa retreated to Mokoia with all the district’s canoes in tow, confident that they were safe from the muskets of the Ngāpuhi leader Hongi Hika. But their coastal enemies, Ngāi Te Rangi, assisted Ngāpuhi in portaging canoes from the headwaters of the Pongakawa across to Lake Rotoehu. The tables were turned and Te Arawa were taken by surprise. The resulting massacre of 1823 left all Te Arawa tribes demoralised by their inability to counter firearms. They even contemplated migrating south with Ngāti Toa to seek the protection of Te Rauparaha’s muskets on Kapiti Island.