rahu – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Awatere, Arapeta Maruki...  
Nō Ngāti Porou, nō Ngāti Hine; he kaiwhakamāori, he kaingārahu hōia, he āpiha toko i te ora Māori, he kaitōrangapū ā-rohe, he tangata i whiua e te ture mō te kōhuru
Ngati Porou and Ngati Hine; interpreter, military leader, Maori welfare officer, local politician, convicted murderer
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
Ahakoa ehara nō te kāhui tumu whakarae, i riro i a ia te tūranga kaingārahu o tōna iwi, nā runga tonu rā i tōna hikareia ki te tiaki i ngā take e pā ana ki tōna iwi, me tana pūkenga hoki i te kauhanga riri.
Te Rauparaha was the son of Werawera, of Ngati Toa, and his second wife, Parekowhatu (Parekohatu), of Ngati Raukawa. He is said to have been a boy when Captain James Cook was in New Zealand. If so, it is likely that he was born in the 1760s. He was born either at Kawhia or at his mother's home, Maungatautari. He was descended from Hoturoa of the Tainui canoe; both his parents were descended from the founding ancestors of their tribes. Although not of the highest rank, he rose to the leadership of Ngati Toa because of his aggressive defence of his tribe's interests and his skill in battle. He was short in stature but of great muscular strength. In profile, he had aquiline features; when excited his eyes would gleam and his lower lip would curl downwards.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
I whai wāhi a Te Rauparaha ki te maha o ngā take whakatutū puehu, i te wā e pakari haere nei te taupatupatu o te riri. Nāna te taua ki te whenua kūraruraru ki te raki o Kāwhia, kia hinga ko Te Uira, he kaingārahu nō Waikato.
From the late eighteenth century Ngati Toa and related tribes, including Ngati Raukawa, were constantly at war with the Waikato tribes for control of the rich fertile land north of Kawhia. The wars intensified whenever a major chief was killed or insults and slights suffered. Te Rauparaha was involved in many of these incidents as tensions mounted. He led a war party into disputed territory north of Kawhia and the Waikato chief Te Uira was killed. On another occasion he led a war party by canoe to Whaingaroa (Raglan Harbour) to avenge the killing of a group of Ngati Toa; his nieces had been among the victims. Young warriors gathered around him as he was an aggressive war leader.
  Ngata, Āpirana Turupa –...  
Ko ngā tūnga kaingārahu o Wahawaha me te pāpā o Ngata mō ngā mahi ahu whenua me ngā hanganga hou i te wā kāinga, i āta tukutukuna mai ki a ia. I waimarie kē atu a Ngāti Porou tēnā i ētahi atu iwi, nā te mea i mau tonu i a rātau tō rātau whenua: ahakoa i rīhitia ētahi o aua whenua pukepuke ki te Pākehā, i mau tonu i te iwi te nuinga o ō rātau whenua pai.
Local affairs began increasingly to occupy Ngata's time. At home he was gradually taking over from Wahawaha and his father the leadership in land development and reform. Ngati Porou had been more fortunate than other tribes in preserving their land: while they had leased some of their hill country to Pakeha, they retained most of their better land in tribal ownership. Under Wahawaha and Paratene Ngata they had started sheepfarming in the last two decades of the century. The young Apirana greatly expanded this activity, and by 1916 Ngati Porou had 156 flocks and a total of 180,919 sheep. They invested heavily in pasture improvement, buildings and equipment, including mechanical shearing machines, although Ngata was careful to control their level of debt. Ngati Porou wool was bringing top prices.
  4. Te Pākehā – Ngāi Tuh...  
Hei te tau 1863, 1864 ranei, ka haere a Rewi Maniapoto, te kaingārahu o Ngāti Maniapoto ki Te Urewera ki te tono āwhina i a Tūhoe mō ngā riri ki Waikato. I tana tono, ka kōrero a Rewi mō ngā hononga tata i waenganui i a Tūhoe me Waikato, arā, te haerenga a Tūhoe-pōtiki ki Kāwhia, mate atu; te tuku mātātahi a Te Purewa o Tūhoe rāua ko Peehi Tūkorehu o Ngāti Maniapoto i Te Whāiti i ngā tau whā tekau ki mua; te kupu tautoko a Tūhoe k te Kīngitanga i te hui nui i tū ki Pūkawa i Taupō i te tau 1856; ngā pānga a Ngāti Whare (hapū nō Tūhoe) ki a Tainui.
In 1863 or early 1864, Ngāti Maniapoto war leader Rewi Maniapoto visited Te Urewera seeking allies for the war in the Waikato. In his request to the chiefs of Tūhoe, Rewi recalled the close bonds between Tūhoe and Waikato. He alluded to the resting place of the ancestor Tūhoe at Kāwhia in Waikato, and the epic duel between the chiefs Te Purewa of Tūhoe and Peehi Tūkorehu of Ngāti Maniapoto at Te Whāiti 40 years earlier. This ended in stalemate, with an exchange of weapons between the two great warrior chiefs. Rewi also referred to the pledge of Tūhoe support for the Māori King at the great conference of tribes held at Pūkawa, Lake Taupō, in 1856, and to the blood ties between Ngāti Whare (a Tūhoe hapū) and Tainui.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
He kaingārahu tino whakahirahira a Te Rauparaha nō tōna iwi. Nāna rātou i ārahi mai i te mate i Kāwhia, kia tū rangatira i ngā whenua hou i raupatutia e rātou i te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui, me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu.
Te Rauparaha was a great tribal leader. He took his tribe from defeat at Kawhia to the conquest of new territories in central New Zealand. As a war leader he enjoyed great success. The tribes he defeated attribute his success to Ngati Toa's possession of muskets rather than to Te Rauparaha's military genius. Without his leadership, however, it is doubtful if Ngati Toa would have attempted the great migration and seized the opportunities open to them. Having done so, they changed the tribal structure of New Zealand for ever.
  Ngāti Ruanui – Te Ara E...  
Hei tiaki i ō rātou whenua, ka hono a Ngāti Ruanui ki a Te Āti Awa ki te whawhai ki te Karauna. Ko Tītokowaru te kaingārahu o ngā iwi whakakeke. Nō te tau 1868 ka kōkiritia ngā hōia i tō rātou pā hōia, ka hinga hoki te ope taua Pākehā ki Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, te pā whawhai o Tītokowaru.
However, the wars of the 1860s saw Ngāti Ruanui disadvantaged again. They joined forces with Te Āti Awa to fight against the British Crown and protect their land. The military leader Tītokowaru played an important role in the conflict. In 1868 he attacked an outpost and later successfully defended his pā, Te Ngutu-o-te-manu. But the government eventually gained control of south Taranaki.
  Ngāi Tuhoe – Te Ara Enc...  
He mate nui ka pā ki te iwi i tēnei whakapae, inarā, ka haere mai te kāwanatanga, ka raupatuhia ngā whenua papai rawa atu. Nō muri iho, ka whakaekea a Te Urewera e ngā hōia a te kāwanatanga e rapu ana i a Te Kooti Arikirangi, he poropiti, he ngārahu, he toa nō Te Tai Rāwhiti.
Because they lived so far from centres of trade, Tūhoe contact with Europeans came much later than for other tribes. But they did trade with other Māori for European goods such as livestock and seeds. Their first major contact with Europeans came during the wars of the 1860s. Tūhoe fought the government in the battle of Ōrākau in 1864. They were wrongly accused of being in rebellion when a missionary was killed in Ōpōtiki, and their fertile lands were taken. Worse was to follow when government troops invaded Te Urewera in search of Te Kooti Arikirangi, a prophet and resistance leader from the East Coast.
  4. Te Pākehā – Te Arawa...  
He rahi ngā hoariri mau pū o Te Arawa, pēnei i a Ngāpuhi. Ka rere a Te Arawa ki Mokoia me ngā waka katoa o tōna rohe, i runga i te pōhēhē ka haumaru rātou i ngā pū a Hongi Hika, te ngārahu o Ngāpuhi. Heoi, nā ngā hoariri o Te Arawa, nā Ngāi Te Rangi a Ngāpuhi i ārahi me ō rātou waka mā te pūaha o Pongakawa ki Rotoehu.
Te Arawa also faced enemy tribes, such as Ngāpuhi, armed with muskets obtained from Europeans. Te Arawa retreated to Mokoia with all the district’s canoes in tow, confident that they were safe from the muskets of the Ngāpuhi leader Hongi Hika. But their coastal enemies, Ngāi Te Rangi, assisted Ngāpuhi in portaging canoes from the headwaters of the Pongakawa across to Lake Rotoehu. The tables were turned and Te Arawa were taken by surprise. The resulting massacre of 1823 left all Te Arawa tribes demoralised by their inability to counter firearms. They even contemplated migrating south with Ngāti Toa to seek the protection of Te Rauparaha’s muskets on Kapiti Island.
  2. Te putanga o te hapū...  
He mea nui ki te aro mai ētahi atu hapū ki tāu tū. Ka arotia ngā hapū hōu mehemea he ngārahu whai mana tō rātou rangatira. Ka taea anō te whakakaha i te hapū mā ngā taumau, mā te hau hoki o te rongo mō te toanga i roto i te pakanga.
Sometimes separate groups merged with each other to form new groups. Alternatively, very large and strong whānau (extended families) might develop into hapū in their own right. Recognition by other groups as a separate and new hapū was important. New sub-tribes were recognised if, for example, they had a leader with mana and skill in diplomacy, if they were able to strengthen the identity of the hapū by political marriages, or if they were known for their fighting prowess.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
He kaingārahu tino whakahirahira a Te Rauparaha nō tōna iwi. Nāna rātou i ārahi mai i te mate i Kāwhia, kia tū rangatira i ngā whenua hou i raupatutia e rātou i te puāwanga o Te Ika-a-Māui, me te nuinga o te pito raki o Te Waipounamu.
Te Rauparaha was a great tribal leader. He took his tribe from defeat at Kawhia to the conquest of new territories in central New Zealand. As a war leader he enjoyed great success. The tribes he defeated attribute his success to Ngati Toa's possession of muskets rather than to Te Rauparaha's military genius. Without his leadership, however, it is doubtful if Ngati Toa would have attempted the great migration and seized the opportunities open to them. Having done so, they changed the tribal structure of New Zealand for ever.
  2. Ngā tīpuna – Te Whak...  
I whawhai tonu a Te Whakatōhea i te paenga rāwhiti, ki te aukati i a Ngāi Tai ki waho o Waiaua. I Awahou te riri whakamutunga. Ko Punāhamoa te kaingārahu o Te Whakatōhea. Ko te wā tēnei i mua tonu i te taenga mai o te Hāhi Karaitiana.
Te Whakatōhea fought many battles against their eastern neighbour Ngāi Tai at Tōrere, to keep them out of Waiaua. The defining battle was at Awahou under the leadership of Punāhamoa, before the arrival of the missionaries. The Ngāi Tai chief Tūterangikūrei was killed, and his head preserved as a trophy of war. Ngāi Tai redeemed their chief’s head in exchange for the greenstone adze named Waiwharangi, which they gave to the Te Whakatōhea victors. Waiwharangi is now held in the Whakatāne Museum.
  3. Te taenga mai o te P...  
I te wā o ngā pakanga o Aotearoa, ka puta ētahi kaingārahu nui whakaharahara, a Kawiti o Ngāpuhi, a Te Kooti o Rongowhakaata, a Tītokowaru o Ngāti Ruanui, a Rewi Maniapoto o Ngāti Maniapoto. Heoi, kei Parihaka i te tonga o Taranaki tētahi tokorua, a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti, i mautohe mārire i te Pākehā i te tau 1881.
During the New Zealand Wars there were some remarkable and ingenious Māori military leaders, including Kawiti of Ngāpuhi, Te Kooti of Rongowhakaata, Tītokowaru of Ngāti Ruanui and Rewi Maniapoto of Ngāti Maniapoto. However, in southern Taranaki, based at Parihaka, there were two equally exceptional leaders, Tohu and Te Whiti, who opposed the Europeans in 1881 through passive resistance.
  5. Te hū o Tarawera – T...  
Aoake, kua pō kerekere te rangi mai i Rotorua ki Maketū – ko te ngārahu tērā i rukea ki runga. I taupokina katoatia a Rotomahana me ngā tūāpapa. Neke atu i te e 150 ngā uri o Tūhourangi rāua ko Ngāti Rangitihi i mate.
The following day it was pitch black from Rotoiti to Maketū – ash choked the skies. Lake Rotomahana, its terraces and over 150 Tūhourangi–Ngāti Rangitihi residents were buried. Protected by a valley, the village of Te Wairoa was distant enough for most residents to survive. Many sheltered in Guide Sophia’s house, which did not collapse. The priest Tūhoto Ariki also survived: he was dug from his buried house four days later.
  1. Ngā whakamahinga i t...  
I tua atu, ka pania ki te waka, ki te whare, tae rawa atu ki ngā kōiwi o te tangata i mate. Ka poipoi i te kōkōwai, kātahi ka tunu te ngārahu ki te ahi rānei, ka konatu ki te hinu mangō. Ko tākou te ingoa o tētahi atu momo hōrū.
Red ochre, found in clay, was smeared on people’s faces and bodies as a sign of chiefly status. It was also used on carved items such as waka (canoes) or houses, and even on the bones of the dead. Kōkōwai, one type of red ochre, was rolled into balls, baked in fire or hot ashes, then mixed with shark oil. Tākou was another type of red ochre.
  4. Te tekau tau atu i 1...  
I taua wā anō, e hoki whakatetonga ana tētahi ope taua nō Te Ati Awa, ko tōna kaingārahu, ko Wī Tako Ngātata. Ka piki te taua ki Heretaunga (Te Awakairangi), ka whakaekea a Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia ki tō rātou kāinga ki Pūniu-nuku.
About the same time, the Te Āti Awa leader Wī Tako Ngātata and a war party were returning south. They made their way to Heretaunga (the Hutt Valley) and attacked the Ngāti Kahukura-awhitia settlement called Puniunuku. Their aim was to avenge the death of the Ngāti Mutunga chief, Te Momi. In gratitude Patukawenga of Ngāti Mutunga made Waiwhetū, the area east of the Heretaunga (Hutt) River mouth, tapu (sacred) for the Ngāmotu people.
  6. Te noho motuhake – N...  
Ka whakatūhia e Ngāi Tūhoe he pou ki ngā ara e kuhu ana ki Te Urewera, hei ārai, hei whakatūpato i te rāwaho me te Pākehā. Ko Eru Tamaikoha te kaingārahu o ngā hapū o Te Waimana i te raki o Te Urewera.
Following the cessation of hostilities in 1872, Tūhoe convened a governing council of chiefs called Te Whitu Tekau – The Seventy. They were charged with protecting the lands of the tribe and keeping out government authority. Their catchcry was ‘Kaua te rori, kaua te rūri, kaua te rīhi, kaua te hoko’ (No roads, no survey, no leasing land, no selling land).
  ‘The war council’ – Māo...  
He taua Māori tērā e whakatumatuma ana i mua i tētahi pakanga. Nō te whenua o Prussia a Manurau, koia te ngārahu o te Taua Ngahere (Forest Rangers). I te tau 1868 ka mate a Manurau i Taranaki, i te pakanga ki a Tītokowaru.
In the 1840s and more seriously in the 1860s war broke out as Māori sought to defend their land and local authority from a growing European population. In this image, from the end of the wars in Waikato in 1864, Gustavus von Tempsky portrays a group of Māori preparing to fight. Von Tempsky was a Prussian who commanded a company of Forest Rangers, drawn together in the hopes of matching Māori bush tactics. He was eventually killed in Taranaki in 1868, during the conflict with the outstanding Māori military leader, Tītokowaru.
  4. Te Pākehā – Te Arawa...  
Ka nanao a Te Arawa ki ana pū ki te tiaki i ōna whenua, wai, rawa. I pakanga a Te Arawa i Te Kaokaoroa mō te Karauna; ko āna kaingārahu, ko Tohi te Ururangi rāua ko Te Pokiha. Ka whakaweto e Te Arawa ngā ahi o Ngāi Te Rangi rāua ko Ngāti Awa ki Maketū.
These enterprises stopped with the wars of the 1860s and 1870s. Te Arawa took up arms to defend their customary lands, waterways and resources. Under the leadership of Tohi Te Ururangi and Te Pōkiha at the battle of Te Kaokaoroa, Te Arawa demonstrated their allegiance to the Crown. They also extinguished any possibility that their traditional enemies (Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāti Awa) would try to re-assert any authority from Wairaki to Matatā.
  1. Ngā whakamahinga i t...  
Ko te oneone pai mō te ono kūmara ko te one māmā, mahana, one-pū hoki. Ki te kore e pēnei, ka tahuri te Māori ki te tāpiri i te kirikiri me te one-pū ki te oneone, kia aha ai, kia rere noa atu ai te wai; he wā anō ka whakamahia te ngārahu, te anga rānei.
The preferred soil for growing kūmara was light, warm and sandy. Where this was not available, Māori horticulturalists added gravel and sand, and less commonly charcoal and shells, to the existing soil, probably to improve drainage. Large amounts of gravel were quarried for this purpose, and the holes left from this are known as borrow pits.
  Te Kawau, Āpihai – Haur...  
Nō Noema i te tau 1869 ka mate a Te Kawau i Ōngārahu i Kaipara. Ka mahue ake ana tamariki tokorua, Te Hira Te Kawau rāua ko tana tuahine ko Hera Whakamana. Nā rāua ka puta ko Ngāti Whātua whānui e noho mai rā i Ōrākei.
Te Kawau died at Ongarahu, Kaipara, in mid November 1869. He was survived by his son, Te Hira Te Kawau; and by his daughter, Hera Whakamana, from whom are descended many Ngati Whatua people. Te Kawau is buried at Kaipara.
  Pōhio, Horomona – Hauro...  
Ko tō rātou kāinga i Te Wai-a-Te Ruatī, i pātata atu ki Arowhenua. Ko Te Maihāroa te tohunga; ko Pōhio te kaingārahu mō te ture tangata, mō ngā tikanga taiao. Ka noho māharahara a Pōhio mō ngā hua ka puta i te hokonga o ngā whenua o Ngāi Tahu.
Horomona Pohio was a participant in the signing of the Otago purchase deed in 1844. He was also a signatory to the sale of Canterbury in 1848, and the Murihiku purchase in 1853. In 1859 he was made an assessor at Te Waimatemate, a position which carried the duties of a local magistrate, and in the 1860s spent some time in Hawke's Bay. On his return to the South Island he became a follower of Ngai Tahu tohunga Hipa Te Maiharoa, at Te Wai-a-te-ruati, near Arowhenua, and a missionary for the Kaingarara religion, which had similarities with the teachings of Te Ua Haumene in the North Island.
  2. Ngā pakanga – Ngā iw...  
I te tau 1821, ka whakaekea anōtia ngā iwi o Whanganui e tētahi ope taua nō te raki. Ka hinga ngā rāwaho i ngā toa o Whanganui i raro i tō rātou kaingārahu a Hōri Kīngi Te Anaua, he ariki nō te pito whakararo o te awa.
Another raid from the north reached the Whanganui River in 1821. This time it was the lower river chief Hōri Kīngi Te Ānaua who led the defeat of the invaders at Mangatoa. Te Peehi also ensured that Ngāti Raukawa, who twice attacked the upper river, were defeated.
  4. Pūnaha kāwanatanga –...  
Ko te mahi nui a te kāwana tianara, ko te tono i te kaitaki o te rōpū nui i te Pāremata kia whakatū kāwanatanga (me kī, whai muri i ngā pōti). Mā te kāwana tianara anō e uhi i te mana o te Karauna ki ngā hanganga ture o te Pāremata, ā, koia hoki te ngārahu matua o ngā ope taua.
The governor general’s main function is to ask the leader of the majority party in Parliament (usually after an election) to form a government. He or she gives the royal assent to acts of Parliament and is the titular commander in chief of the armed forces.
  Chief Kahura – Te Tau I...  
I te tau 1773, i patua e Ngāti Kuia ngā kauhoe tekau a Kāpene Furneaux. I patua rātou ki te whanga o Wharehunga. Ko Kahura tō rātou ngārahu.
Chief Kahura of Ngāti Kuia, whose men were responsible for the death of 10 of Captain Furneaux’s men at Wharehunga Bay in 1773.
  7. Te aka o te whenua –...  
Ko te aruhe te aka o te rārahu, o te rauaruhe ranei. Neke atu i te 2 mita te teitei.
Aruhe is the root of rārahu or rauaruhe (bracken fern), a tough ground fern with reddish-brown stems, which grows up to 2 metres tall.
  The god Tāne – Māori cr...  
Ka mea ōna tuakana ki a Tāne, ‘Hua noa, ī, e wehea ai tō tatou pāpā, e mārama tātou te tiro ake ki a ia’. Kātahi ka mau a Tāne ki te rahu – ko te rahu nei ko Te Ika-o-te-rangi; ngā kai o roto, ko ngā whetū.
It was Tāne-nui-a-Rangi who propped up the sky so it floated above. What he did was speak to his father: ‘Old man, you must be separated up above, so there will be light when you look down upon us’. … Then he said, ‘Perhaps, when I am separated up above, I will not make light’. Tāne told him, ‘I will give you signs’. So then he was propped up by them … Behold, their father was separated up above! Then his elder brothers said to Tāne, ‘Oh, we thought that when our father was separated, we would be able to look up and see him clearly.’ So then Tāne took a basket – this basket was The Fish-of-the-Sky, and the stars were the food inside it. He threw it to the sky, and as well he threw the sun and the moon. So then there was light. Then at last they saw what they looked like, and what their parents were like as well.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
I whai wāhi a Te Rauparaha ki te maha o ngā take whakatutū puehu, i te wā e pakari haere nei te taupatupatu o te riri. Nāna te taua ki te whenua kūraruraru ki te raki o Kāwhia, kia hinga ko Te Uira, he kaingārahu nō Waikato.
From the late eighteenth century Ngati Toa and related tribes, including Ngati Raukawa, were constantly at war with the Waikato tribes for control of the rich fertile land north of Kawhia. The wars intensified whenever a major chief was killed or insults and slights suffered. Te Rauparaha was involved in many of these incidents as tensions mounted. He led a war party into disputed territory north of Kawhia and the Waikato chief Te Uira was killed. On another occasion he led a war party by canoe to Whaingaroa (Raglan Harbour) to avenge the killing of a group of Ngati Toa; his nieces had been among the victims. Young warriors gathered around him as he was an aggressive war leader.
  3. Ngā Rau tau 1900, 20...  
Rokohanga atu ki te wāhanga tuarua o te rau tau 1900, arā anō ngā kaiārahi o Rangitāne i mahi i ngā mahi nui mā te iwi Māori, mā te motu whānui hoki: Tipi Rōpiha (he kaimahi kāwanatanga), Rangi Ruru Karaitiana (he kaiwhakatangitangi pūoro), Rina Moore (he tākuta), Manahi Nītama Paewai (he kaitākaro whutupōro, he tākuta), Taylor Mihaere (Te Kaunihera o Te Papa-i-oea), Brian Poananga (he kaingārahu, he takawaenga kāwanatanga), Barbara Devonshire (Kaimahi Toko i te Ora), Īnia Te Rangi (Heamana o Te Mauri o Rangitāne, te kaunihera kaumātua o te iwi), Rangi Fitzgerald (Te Komiti o Rangitaane).
In the second half of the 20th century, contributions by Rangitāne to Māori and to the nation were also made by such exceptional people as Tipi Rōpiha (public servant), Rangi Ruru Karaitiana (musician), Rina Moore (doctor), Manahi Nītama Paewai (rugby player and doctor), Taylor Mihaere (Palmerston North city councillor), Brian Poananga (military leader and diplomat), Barbara Devonshire (Māori welfare officer), Inia Te Rangi (chairman of Te Mauri o Rangitaane, the council of elders) and Rangi Fitzgerald (member, Rangitaane Māori Committee).
  Nihoniho, Matutaera – H...  
Ka hono mai ki a ia he ope hōia tangata whai, me wētahi tūao nō Te Matau-a-Māui (Hawke's Bay), ka whakawhiwhia rātou e te kāwanatanga ki ngā rākau whawhai. I Te Hātepe, nā Nihoniho i tautapa, ā, nā Te Aowera i tautoko ko Rāpata Wahawaha hai kaingārahu mō rātau.
Tuta Nihoniho took part in the fighting on the East Coast, with Ngati Porou forces led by Rapata Wahawaha. He joined other government supporters in building the pa at Tikitiki, in the Waiapu Valley. An attack was made on Pukemaire pa, belonging to Te Whanau-a-Hinerupe, a hapu which had espoused Pai Marire. The Hauhau repulsed the attack and counter-attacked to take Tikitiki. The surviving government supporters fled to Te Hatepe, the pa of Mokena Kohere, the leading Ngati Porou supporter of the government. They were joined there by a company of military settlers and some Hawke's Bay volunteers and received military supplies from the government. At this pa Te Aowera chose Rapata Wahawaha as their leader, on the nomination of Nihoniho. Te Aowera fought the Hauhau at Makotukutuku and took part in the attack on Pakairomiromi. Many Hauhau were killed when it fell, among them Iharaira Porourangi, the principal Ngati Porou chief to join Pai Marire. Pukemaire was then attacked; on the third assault it was found to have been evacuated. The Hauhau were pursued to Te Kawakawa (Te Araroa) and, after that fell, to Hungahunga-toroa. The earthworks there had not been completed and the Hauhau fled or surrendered. Fighting came to an end in Ngati Porou territory.
  Te Whakataupuka – Hauro...  
Ka aratakina e Te Whakataupuka ana toa o Murihiku ki Waihora (Lake Ellesmere) kia hono atu hei tuarā mō te taua a Taiaroa rangatira o Taumutu, o Ōtākou. Ko te tuahine o Taiaroa ko Te Parure tētahi o rātou. Ka riro ko Te Whakataupuka te kaingārahu o taua ope i te pakanga i waho i te moana i Akaroa.
Te Whakataupuka came to prominence when he moved to the strategic base of Ruapuke Island, in Foveaux Strait, about 1825, on the death of the previous chief, Tupai, his uncle by marriage. In 1826 he accompanied Edwin Palmer on a sealing expedition to Taieri Mouth. In 1827, during the feud known as Kaihuanga, between Ngai Tahu hapu of the Canterbury Plains area, he took the Murihiku warriors north to join the Otakou chief Taiaroa in support of the people of Taumutu, at the southern end of Waihora (Lake Ellesmere). Among them was Taiaroa's sister Te Parure. Te Whakataupuka commanded the victorious southerners at Akaroa, in a battle at sea.
  Te Horetā – Haurongo – ...  
I te pokapūtanga o te tekau tau atu i 1790, ka kōhurutia tētahi ngārahu o Ngāti Whanaunga. Nō muri i tēnei ka hiki te waitaua a Ngāti Pāoa, a Ngāti Maru me Ngāti Whanaunga ki te huaki i a Ngā Puhi i Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands).
Te Horeta was probably involved in the many wars in which Ngati Whanaunga and the Maru-tuahu tribes participated in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By about 1790 he had a daughter, Te Tahuri, who was of marriageable age. The name of Te Tahuri's mother is not known, but she had connections with Waikato and Ngati Whatua. Through these ties Te Horeta was drawn into a series of battles, in one of which Te Tahuri and her husband were killed. He was probably also involved in the wars of Ngati Paoa against Te Kawerau, a tribe of the Auckland isthmus. In the mid 1790s, after the murder of a Ngati Whanaunga leader, Ngati Paoa, Ngati Maru and Ngati Whanaunga embarked on a campaign against Nga Puhi of the Bay of Islands. The Maru-tuahu tribes twice invaded the Bay of Islands, first attacking the people of Te Rawhiti, and then inflicting a heavy defeat on Nga Puhi in their heartland at Puketona, in a battle known as Wai-whariki. Some years later, about 1819, Korokoro of Te Rawhiti, allied with Te Haupa of Ngati Paoa, led a war party against the Coromandel tribes to avenge these defeats. They attacked various Ngati Maru pa as well as those in the Colville area, in the north-west of the Coromandel Peninsula, and Te Horeta's people at Waiau further south. Korokoro's party had returned to the Bay of Islands by January 1820.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
Ka whakatika atu a Te Rauparaha me tētahi matua o te waitaua ki Kaiapoi, he tino pā nō Ngāi Tahu. Na, ko Te Pēhi Kupe me ōna hoa ngārahu tokowhitu anake, i tomo atu ki te hoko pounamu. Ina hoki kua rongo kē te iwi o Kaiapoi mō te tukinga o ō rātou whanaunga i Kaikōura, ka patua e rātou ngā rangatira o Ngāti Toa nei, kātahi ka kainga.
Te Rauparaha led part of the war party to the Ngai Tahu stronghold, Kaiapoi pa. Te Pehi Kupe and seven other Ngati Toa chiefs entered the pa to trade for greenstone. The people at Kaiapoi knew of the attack on their relations at Kaikoura and the Ngati Toa chiefs were killed and eaten. Ngati Toa then unsuccessfully attacked the pa, although killing about 100 Ngai Tahu prisoners. Te Rauparaha returned to Kapiti. In 1830 the attack on Ngai Tahu was resumed. Captain John Stewart took about 100 Ngati Toa warriors to Akaroa, hidden in the brig Elizabeth. He lured Ngai Tahu chief Tama-i-hara-nui aboard by offering to trade for muskets. Tama-i-hara-nui was taken, together with his wife and daughter, tortured and put to death at Kapiti. On the ship, he strangled his daughter to prevent her from being enslaved.
  The god Tāne – Māori cr...  
Ka mea ōna tuakana ki a Tāne, ‘Hua noa, ī, e wehea ai tō tatou pāpā, e mārama tātou te tiro ake ki a ia’. Kātahi ka mau a Tāne ki te rahu – ko te rahu nei ko Te Ika-o-te-rangi; ngā kai o roto, ko ngā whetū.
It was Tāne-nui-a-Rangi who propped up the sky so it floated above. What he did was speak to his father: ‘Old man, you must be separated up above, so there will be light when you look down upon us’. … Then he said, ‘Perhaps, when I am separated up above, I will not make light’. Tāne told him, ‘I will give you signs’. So then he was propped up by them … Behold, their father was separated up above! Then his elder brothers said to Tāne, ‘Oh, we thought that when our father was separated, we would be able to look up and see him clearly.’ So then Tāne took a basket – this basket was The Fish-of-the-Sky, and the stars were the food inside it. He threw it to the sky, and as well he threw the sun and the moon. So then there was light. Then at last they saw what they looked like, and what their parents were like as well.
  Baker, Frederick – Haur...  
Nō konei i hua ai te whakaaro o Pirikitea Howard Kippenberger, ko ia nei te kaingārahu o te Pirikēti Hōia Tuarima o Aotearoa (5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade), kia riro mā te hokowhitu Māori e kōkiri ngā Tiamana e tata ana te karawhiu mai i a rātou.
He was to command the Maori Battalion until 2 November 1942. During this time General Bernard Montgomery took command of the Eighth Army, to which the New Zealand Division belonged, and Brigadier Howard Kippenberger, the commander of the 5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade, decided to use the Maori Battalion in a pre-emptive strike against an anticipated German attack. It was the first offensive action Baker commanded. He led a patrol to check the route and identify the objective, the El Mreir depression. After one failed attack, the raid he led on 26 August was highly successful and was considered a model operation. He was later given the task of taking the northern edge of the Munassib depression and linking up with the 21st Battalion in a neighbouring depression. The Maori Battalion initially went beyond its objective into enemy territory and was in danger of being surrounded. After reorganisation by Kippenberger, the battalion reached its position on the right flank of the 21st Battalion and defeated an attack by German tanks.
  Te Rangikāheke, Wiremu ...  
Kei reira ngā kōrero mō Hinemoa, me ngā pakanga a ōna iwi o Te Arawa, o Mātaatua i ngā tekau tau mai i 1830, ā, me ngā tau tīmatanga mai i 1840. Te noho a te Māori me te Pākehā; ngā āhuatanga o te taumau; te tū a te rangatira; te whakatūtū ngārahu; ngā riri a Tūmatauenga; me te taha wairua.
Other manuscripts recount the story of Hinemoa, and the wars of the 1830s and early 1840s in the Rotorua and Bay of Plenty areas. Others tell of Maori-Pakeha relations, marriage customs, leadership qualities, warfare and religious observances. Through Grey's publications Te Rangikaheke's writings have reached a wide audience. It is his grammar and style which are generally regarded as 'classical' Maori. Since 1950 a number of his manuscripts have been transcribed, translated and published, with proper acknowledgement to their author.
  Pōmare, Māui Wiremu Pit...  
Nā ngā kaunihera ā-rohe Māori i hanga ētehi whakaritenga e pā ana ki te rerenga parukore me te tikanga akuaku. He mea whakatū haere ētehi kaitirotiro parukore, ko te nuinga o rātou i kōwhiria tonutia mai i ngā ūpoko ngārahu, nā te mea i a rātou anake te mana ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whakahau.
Initially, with the fear of bubonic plague strong, the Liberal government supported projects for health and social reform. District Maori councils devised regulations on sanitation and hygiene; sanitary inspectors were appointed, usually selected from the leading chiefs who had the mana to insist on their instructions being obeyed. Pomare himself embarked on a regular programme of visiting villages, often travelling miles on foot to inspect the water supply, rubbish disposal and sanitary arrangements and to help the sick. He was concerned about the health risks of deserted whare, and in three years burnt 1,900 of them.
  Patuone, Eruera Maihi –...  
I te hokinga atu o te waitaua mā Te Awakairangi (Hutt Valley) ki te raki, ka pāhorotia ngā pā, ka mauhereheretia te tangata. Ngātahi ko Tūwhare o Te Roroa rāua ko Te Rauparaha o Ngāti Toa ngā kaingārahu taua.
Patuone took part in at least one of the great war expeditions of northern Maori to the south in the early nineteenth century – from 1819 to 1820. He led the Hokianga contingent, which was accompanied by a group of Te Roroa led by Tuwhare. The expedition passed down the length of the North Island as far as Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour). The vessels they saw in Cook Strait may have been the Russian ships led by Bellingshausen. When the expedition moved north up the Hutt Valley, capturing pa and taking captives, Tuwhare of Te Roroa and Te Rauparaha of Ngati Toa shared the military leadership. On the return journey Tuwhare was mortally wounded on the Wanganui River; Patuone made peace with the Taranaki people, returning some of the captive children in exchange for greenstone weapons and fine cloaks, and arranging marriage alliances.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
Nō te tau 1834 ka rewa te rau o te patu i waenga i a Ngāti Raukawa rāua ko Te Āti Awa. Nā te mea he uku a Ngāti Raukawa nōna ka whakawetihia te tūnga kaingārahu o Te Rauparaha. Ko ētahi anō o Ngāti Toa i raro i a Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, te tama a Te Pēhi Kupe, i tū hei tuarā mō Te Āti Awa.
Te Rauparaha went to Sydney in 1830 where he met Samuel Marsden, the chaplain of New South Wales. The ship that returned him to Kapiti is said to have taken him and his warriors to Rangitoto (D'Urville Island), where they captured Ngati Kuia refugees, and to have transported them to Kapiti. In 1831 Te Rauparaha again besieged Kaiapoi pa and captured the pa by sapping and by firing the palisades. He returned to Akaroa and took the pa Onawe, and then returned to Kapiti, leaving his allies and some of his own people to rule over the enslaved tribes. Meanwhile the migrant tribes in the south-west of the North Island, none of which accepted Te Rauparaha's authority, were competing with each other and with the original inhabitants for land and resources. Fighting broke out between Ngati Raukawa and Te Ati Awa in 1834; this threatened Te Rauparaha's leadership, as he was allied to Ngati Raukawa. Other Ngati Toa, led by Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, the son of Te Pehi Kupe, supported Te Ati Awa and besieged Te Rauparaha at the Rangiuru Stream. He had to appeal to the Ngati Tuwharetoa leader Mananui Te Heuheu Tukino II for help. When peace was made Te Rauparaha at first intended to return to the north with Mananui. But he was persuaded to stay by Te Rangihaeata and went back to Kapiti. By the mid 1830s Te Rauparaha and his allies had conquered the south-west of the North Island and most of the northern half of the South Island.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
Nō te tau 1834 ka rewa te rau o te patu i waenga i a Ngāti Raukawa rāua ko Te Āti Awa. Nā te mea he uku a Ngāti Raukawa nōna ka whakawetihia te tūnga kaingārahu o Te Rauparaha. Ko ētahi anō o Ngāti Toa i raro i a Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, te tama a Te Pēhi Kupe, i tū hei tuarā mō Te Āti Awa.
Te Rauparaha went to Sydney in 1830 where he met Samuel Marsden, the chaplain of New South Wales. The ship that returned him to Kapiti is said to have taken him and his warriors to Rangitoto (D'Urville Island), where they captured Ngati Kuia refugees, and to have transported them to Kapiti. In 1831 Te Rauparaha again besieged Kaiapoi pa and captured the pa by sapping and by firing the palisades. He returned to Akaroa and took the pa Onawe, and then returned to Kapiti, leaving his allies and some of his own people to rule over the enslaved tribes. Meanwhile the migrant tribes in the south-west of the North Island, none of which accepted Te Rauparaha's authority, were competing with each other and with the original inhabitants for land and resources. Fighting broke out between Ngati Raukawa and Te Ati Awa in 1834; this threatened Te Rauparaha's leadership, as he was allied to Ngati Raukawa. Other Ngati Toa, led by Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, the son of Te Pehi Kupe, supported Te Ati Awa and besieged Te Rauparaha at the Rangiuru Stream. He had to appeal to the Ngati Tuwharetoa leader Mananui Te Heuheu Tukino II for help. When peace was made Te Rauparaha at first intended to return to the north with Mananui. But he was persuaded to stay by Te Rangihaeata and went back to Kapiti. By the mid 1830s Te Rauparaha and his allies had conquered the south-west of the North Island and most of the northern half of the South Island.
  Tamarau Waiari – Hauron...  
I Hepetema o 1872 ko ia anake te rangatira o Tūhoe i whakaae kia hangā tētahi huarahi mai i Te Wairoa ki Waikaremoana. Ahakoa i kakī mārō, i whakatenetene ētahi o ngā ngārahu ahurei o Tūhoe, nā te wahapū, nā te manawanui ka hinga mai i a ia ki tana take.
Tamarau was a member of the Tuhoe body of chiefs known as Te Whitu Tekau (the seventy), set up mainly to establish an administrative structure and laws for the tribal group independent of government control. In September 1872 he was the only Tuhoe leader in favour of having a road built from Wairoa to Waikaremoana. Despite strong opposition from other prominent Tuhoe leaders, he swayed them with his eloquence and determination.
  Rātana, Tahupōtiki Wire...  
Nāna i tīmata tētahi hāhi Māori puta noa i te motu e whakakotahi ana i te taha tōrangapū me te taha wairua; he kaupapa whakakotahitanga tēnei ahakoa i whāia e ērā o ngā ngārahu Māori o mua atu, kore rawa i tutuki i a rātou.
Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana died at Ratana pa on 18 September 1939, survived by both wives, three daughters and three sons. He was buried before the temple on 24 September. His tangihanga was attended by thousands and lasted a week. He had founded a national Maori church that melded the political and spiritual in a way aimed for but not previously achieved by any other Maori leader. In doing so, he had provided charismatic leadership at a national level, and had set a course followed by his political representatives and spiritual successors. To his Maori opponents and many Pakeha he was a charlatan and an over-ambitious politician. In his lifetime, those who initially ignored him saw his church firmly established and his political movement becoming victorious in the polls. Both church and party endured as powerful forces.
  Tūhaere, Pāora – Hauron...  
Nō te mea he kaingārahu ia nō te Kotahitanga ka pōtingia ia i te tau 1888 ki tētahi komiti, hei whakaatu atu i ngā take Māori ki te kāwanatanga. Manako tonu ia me mau tonu te kāwanatanga ki ngā whakataunga o te Tiriti, me te whakamahi atu i ngā toenga whenua a te Māori, hei tūāpapa e puta ai he hua mō rātou.
As a leading member of Te Kotahitanga, Tuhaere was elected in 1888 to a national committee to represent Maori interests to the government. Tuhaere wished to hold the government to the terms of the Treaty of Waitangi and to use remaining Maori land as an economic base for the Maori people. At the same time he accepted that the Maori were living under the rule of the European government and would not gain from confrontation with it. He worked to reconcile the King movement with the government after the wars of the 1860s. At the King movement conference at Whatiwhatihoe in 1882 Tuhaere encouraged Tawhiao, the Maori King, to give up his isolation. The King embarked soon after on a tour of the North Island and appealed to Britain to grant the Maori security of land ownership and self rule. Tuhaere would have accompanied Tawhiao when he and his followers took a petition to England in 1884, but was too ill to travel.
  Wahawaha, Rāpata – Haur...  
E whā ngā waitaua a Rāpata ki te rangahau i a ia. Ko te tuatahi, nā rāua ko Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, te ngārahu o te Ope Hōia Māori o Whanganui (Wanganui Native Contingent), i whakahaere. Nō te Pēpuere o 1870 ka hiki.
Whitmore decided that the Urewera would have to be invaded, to put an end to its use as a sanctuary and a supply and recruitment area by Te Kooti and the remaining Hauhau leaders. The district, for example, was known to harbour Kereopa, who was held responsible for the killing of the missionary C. S. Völkner in 1865. Whitmore planned to invade the Urewera with three converging columns. Rapata and Ngati Porou were attached to Lieutenant Colonel J. L. Herrick's column, which was to go to Waikaremoana and capture refugees driven south by the other columns. The columns led by Whitmore and Lieutenant Colonel John St John destroyed the villages and crops of the Tuhoe people and met in the valley of Ruatahuna. On 6 May 1869 Whitmore took the Tuhoe pa of Te Harema; for the first time the Urewera had been successfully invaded. As winter closed in, Whitmore led his troops out of the mountains and Te Kooti went to Taupo and the King Country in a last attempt to build around himself a great Maori alliance.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
Kāore rātou i pīrangi kia hoepapatia a Ngāti Toa ki te korehāhā. Nā te kaingārahu o Ngāti Maniapoto nei nā Te Rangituataka, i tuku huna atu he kai ki te pā. Nāna anō te whakamāherehere ki a Te Rauparaha kia rere ki a Te Āti Awa i Taranaki noho punanga ai.
About this time Te Rauparaha's wife Marore was killed in Waikato while attending a funeral. In revenge he and her relations killed a Waikato chief on a pathway where travellers had safe conduct. In 1820 several thousand Waikato and Ngati Maniapoto warriors invaded Kawhia. Ngati Toa was defeated at Te Kakara, near Lake Taharoa, and Waikawau pa, south of Tirau Point, was captured. Te Rauparaha withdrew to Te Arawi pa, near Kawhia Harbour, which was besieged. Among the besiegers were relations of Ngati Toa who did not wish to see the tribe exterminated. Ngati Maniapoto leader Te Rangi-tua-taka secretly supplied food to the pa and advised Te Rauparaha to take refuge with Te Ati Awa in Taranaki. Te Rauparaha had considered fleeing east to his Ngati Raukawa relations, but the way was blocked by hostile forces. Because many were closely related to Waikato tribes they were allowed to leave Kawhia and begin the first section of their migration to the south, known as Te Heke Tahu-tahu-ahi.
  Te Rauparaha – Haurongo...  
He whenua ngāwari ki te raupatu nō te mea kāore anō ngā iwi o reira kia whiwhi pū. Tua atu, nā ētahi o ngā ngārahu o reira a ia i whakamanioro, ā, i rewa te patu a ētahi ki a Ngāti Toa i Waiorua. Ko 1827 pea te tau i whakawhiti atu ai te taua a Te Rauparaha i Te Moana-a-Raukawa ki Te Wairau.
Whalers and other European ships had been trading at Kapiti since 1827. Te Rauparaha's power over his allied tribes rested on his control of the trade in arms and ammunition. Captives were taken to Kapiti to scrape flax to be traded for muskets, powder and tobacco. He also wanted to control the supply of greenstone, and the South Island, where greenstone was to be found, was open to conquest as the tribes there had not yet acquired guns. Some of their chiefs had insulted him and some had fought against Ngati Toa at Waiorua. About 1827 Te Rauparaha took a war party across Cook Strait to Wairau, where several Rangitane pa were taken. A year or so later a larger invasion fleet left Kapiti. Te Ati Awa attacked the territory around Te Ara-a-Paoa (Queen Charlotte Sound), while Te Rauparaha, with 340 warriors mostly armed with guns, entered Te Hoiere (Pelorus Sound) and heavily defeated Ngati Kuia at Hikapu. At Kaikoura many Ngai Tahu were taken by surprise and killed or enslaved.
  Tūrei, Mohi – Haurongo ...  
Ka whakahokia 'Kua tae mai te hoariri o te Hāhi, ngā Hauhau, ngā Pirihitini (Philistines). Ko taku hiahia kia haere mai koutou ki te āwhina i au ki Waiapu ki Pukemaire.' Ka whakatika atu he ope o Te Aowera ki te tuki i a Pātara Raukatauri, he kaingārahu nō te Pai Mārire, arā, kua tae ake ki Te Kawakawa.
After the killing of the missionary C. S. Völkner at Opotiki in March 1865, Mohi Turei became a major force. When the new church at Popoti, near Hiruharama, was dedicated in June at a gathering of Te Aowera, he is remembered to have appeared in military uniform with a bandoleer across his shoulders. He summoned the people to drive out the 'philistine' Hauhau, and a party set off to attack a Pai Marire leader, Patara Raukatauri, who had arrived at Te Kawakawa and was expected at Pukemaire, in the Waiapu Valley, where the King's followers had their pa. Meanwhile Mohi Turei went to Tuparoa to meet Donald McLean, the provincial superintendent and agent for the general government, Mokena Kohere and W. L. Williams, who had arrived there from Turanga (Gisborne) on 8 June. McLean promised them troops and ammunition; the first colonial troops arrived the following month.
  Pōmare, Māui Wiremu Pit...  
Ko Māui Wiremu Piti Naera Pōmare tētehi o te whakatupuranga o ngā kaingārahu Māori i kuraina i te Kāreti o Te Aute i te tekau tau atu i 1890, ā, i uru atu ki ngā tūranga kaiārahitanga o te ao Māori me te ao Pākehā ngātahi.
Maui Wiremu Piti Naera Pomare was one of the generation of Maori leaders educated at Te Aute College in the 1890s who were to assume positions of leadership in both the Maori and Pakeha worlds. His birthplace was Pahau pa, Onaera, near Urenui, Taranaki. According to a school register he was born on 24 August 1875, but his death certificate gives the date 13 January 1876. His mother, Mere Hautonga Nicoll (also known as Mary Nichols) of Ngati Toa, was the daughter of Kahe Te Rau-o-te-rangi, one of the few women to sign the Treaty of Waitangi. His father, Wiremu Naera Pomare, was of Ngati Mutunga, and had connections with Te Ati Awa. He was the adopted nephew of Wiremu Piti Pomare, who in the 1820s migrated with other Taranaki leaders to join Te Rauparaha at Kapiti Island. Wiremu Piti was given the land around Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour), but quarrels with Ngati Toa led to his taking the dissatisfied Ngati Mutunga and Ngati Tama to the Chatham Islands in 1835. Maui Pomare's father thus found himself with land interests in Taranaki, the Chathams and Wellington.
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