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  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A templom jelenleg szépen helyreállítva várja a látogatókat, a belsőben két kibontott gótikus ablakot is bemutattak.
The church has been restored beautifully and is presently welcoming visitors. Two Gothic style windows have been uncovered and are presented on the inside
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A 2012-es falkutatások során középkori falképrészlet is előkerült, amely munka folytatása tovább emelheti a templom fényét és turisztikai jelentőségét.
The wall explorations performed in 2012 uncovered a fragment of a medieval mural painting. Continuing this work could add to the church’s fame and touristic importance.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Előbbi mérműves ablakai a XIV. századra vagy annál későbbre utalnak, utóbbinál a fogrovat-dísz és a sátortetős résablakok román kori formák, melyeket azonban valameddig még a XIV. században is használtak a környéken.
Pentru datarea formelor medievale ale navei şi turnului avem şi mai puţine repere. Ferestrele cu traforuri ale navei indică o construcţie din secolului al XIV-lea sau de mai târziu, iar la turn, brâul cu dinţi de fierăstrău, ferestrele cu acoperişuri în două ape sunt forme romanice, care în această regiune au fost folosite ceva vreme şi în secolul al XVI-lea.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A famennyezet 9 x 14 teljes kazettából, és egy fél kazettasorból áll. A Felső-Tisza-vidék legrégebbi ilyen típusú emléke, 1745-ből. Kazettái még négyzet alakúak, és festett motívumai is őrzik a reneszánsz hagyományokat.
The painted cassette-style wooden ceiling of the nave, which was created in 1745, is as well-known in Europe as it is in Hungary. The floral motifs on it refer to the earliest periods of Hungarian history. The wooden ceiling consists of 9x14 complete cassettes and a half row of cassettes. The oldest relic of this kind in the Upper Tisza region from 1745. The painted motifs of its square-shaped cassettes preserve Renaissance traditions.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
1770-ben a templomot pusztító tűzvész rongálta meg. A majdnem teljesen leégett templomot nyolc év alatt sikerült újjáépíteni. Ekkor alakították át például kazettásra a templom mennyezetét is. A templom mellett egykor harangláb állt.
În 1770 biserica a fost grav avariată de un incendiu, a ars aproape total şi numai peste opt ani au reuşit localnicii să o renoveze. În această fază a fost înlocuită bolta veche cu tavanul casetat. Lângă biserică a existat şi o clopotniţă, dar satul a vândut clopotniţa celor din Nemesborzova în 1858, iar de acolo a ajuns în muzeul satului din Szentendre. Turnul de astăzi a fost construit între anii 1858-1876, din zidărie, cu eforturi umane şi financiare deosebite.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A mai Beregsurány a Káta nembeliek birtokrészéből alakult ki. A falut birtokló Surányi család tagjai nem töltöttek be jelentős méltóságokat. A XVI. században Surányban nemesi kúria is volt. 1566-ban a tatárok felprédálták a falut, lakosságát pedig elhurcolták.
The name of the settlement appeared for the first time in 1279. The present settlement was formed around a possession of the Káta clan. The members of the Surányi family, who actually owned the village, did not hold important offices. Nevertheless, there was a mansion in Surány in the 16th century. But in 1566, the Crimean Tatars plundered the village and dragged the population away.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Az első azonosított építési fázisnak a mainál rövidebb, de azonos szélességű szentélyét még támpillér és sekrestye nélkül emelték. Ám ezt megelőzően is állhatott itt templom, amire abból lehetett következtetni, hogy a körülötte létesített temető sírjainak némelyikére ráépült ez a szentélyalapozás.
The apse built in the first building phrase was shorter than the present one, but it had the same width, and it was erected without a buttress or sacristy. However, even before this, there might have been another church, proved by the fact that the founding of the apse was built on some of the graves of the cemetery established here.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Téglány alakú hajójának keleti végéhez diadalívvel összekapcsolt, a nyolcszög három oldalával záródó szentély csatlakozik. A szentély sarkait átlós, lépcsős kialakítású támpillérek erősítik, míg a szentély déli falának tengelyében egy merőleges irányú pillér is található.
The present church is the result of only one construction process. To the eastern end of its nave, the sanctuary closing in three sides of an octagon is attached by a triumphal arch. The corners of the sanctuary are enforced by diagonal, tiered buttresses, while on the axis of the southern wall of the sanctuary, a perpendicularly directed buttress can also be found. The southern gate of the nave also features a pointed arch and is richly ornamented. On the southern wall of the church, four Gothic windows can be observed. The currently homogeneous interior space of the church was divided by a triumphal arch in Medieval times.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Túristvándi temploma gótikus stílusban épült. A templom téglalap alaprajzú hajójához szabálytalan nyolcszög szentély kapcsolódik keletről. A szentély északi oldalán egykor négyszög alaprajzú sekrestye állt, amelyet a reformáció előretörésekor elbontottak.
Biserica din Túristvándi a fost construită în stil gotic. Planimetria ei se compune dintr-o navă dreptunghiulară şi spre est un cor ce se închide cu trei laturi ale octogonului. Peretelui nordic al corului era adosată o sacristie cu plan pătrat, demolată în urma pătrunderii reformei protestante. Pe peretele nordic al corului au fost identificate pornirile bolţii cilindrice ale fostei sacristii, locaşurile grinzilor din lemnăria acoperişului acesteia, o nişă mică, pătrată şi uşa gotică dintre sacristie şi cor.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Túristvándi temploma az 1470-80-as évek második felében épült. A falu fő birtokosai, így valószínű templomának építői és kegyurai Kölcsey és a Kende családok voltak, de a 16 századtól kisebb nagyobb részbirtokait találjuk itt két főúri családnak: a Perényieknek és a Báthoryaknak.
Biserica din Túristvándi a fost construită în anii 1470-80. Cei mai importanţi moşieri ai satului, astfel probabil şi ctitorii bisericii au fost familiile Kölcsey şi Kende, dar începând din secolul XVI. găsim aici mai multe domenii mai mici aparţinătoare familiilor Perényi şi Báthory. Familiile Kölcsey şi Kende au construit probabil încă împreună biserica din Kölcse, în prima jumătate a secolului XIV, una dintre cele mai importante biserici patronate de aceste familii. Familia Kölcsey apare cu domenii şi pe teritoriul actual al localităţilor Tiszakóród, Túristvándi şi Nagyszekeres, astfel putem presupune că au contribuit la ridicarea bisericilor şi din aceste localităţi.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A szószékkorona jóval egyszerűbb és alacsonyabb, mint a környékbeli templomok barokk emlékei. (Nem is nevezhető emiatt koronának, inkább hangvető.) 1840-ben készült, klasszicista stílusban. Mennyezetén, a prédikátor feje fölött a Szentlélek galambja lebeg.
The current pulpit has been installed almost exactly in its medieval position. Its bricked breast-wall is decorated with geometric mortar panels. The “crown” of the pulpit is far more simple and lower in position, compared to the baroque relics of the churches in the surroundings. (It is a sound reflector rather than a crown.) It was created in 1840, in Classicist style. On its ceiling, above the head of the pastor, the dove of the Holy Spirit levitates. The gallery and the pews were created in the 18th century. It is worth walking up and adoring the 200-year-old oak pews.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A kölcsei fatornyot a galérián olvasható felirat tanúsága szerint 1794-ben Garda András és Farkas János ácsok készítették. A sisakot záró toronygomb fölötti szélzászlón 1925-ös évszám olvasható, ami biztosan a torony megújítására vonatkozik.
It is probable that the date 1925, which can be read on the wind indicator above the ball finial closing the spire, refers to the restoration of the tower. Above the date, the star is an indication of the Reformed denomination. Similarly to the star leading the wise men of the east to Jesus Christ, the stars at the top of the churches indicate the way. According to the Reformed tradition, the star also represents the glory of God, which is part of the greeting the Reformed express: “Grace and peace be with you.” Respond: “Glory to God.”
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A templom szószékkoronája annyira hasonlít a vámosoroszira, hogy biztosak lehetünk benne, ezt is Vasvári Ódor Gábor készítette, aki e vidék legtöbbet foglalkoztatott festő-asztalosa volt. A karzatmellvéd gyűrűbe hurkolódó keretdísze is Vámosorosziéhoz hasonló, ezért ezt is a szószéket készítő asztalosmester, Vasvári Ódor Gábor munkájának tartjuk.
On the basis of the similarities between the “crown” of the pulpit in Kölcse and that of Vámosoroszi, it is probable that it was also created by Gábor Vasvári Ódor. On the basis of the similarities between the motifs on the breast-shield of the gallery in Kölcse and those of Vámosoroszi, the gallery is considered to be the creation of the master joiner Gábor Vasvári Ódor, by whom the pulpit was also created. The organ was purchased by the people of Kölcse in 1905. For the placement of the organ, the gallery was altered. Due to its recessed middle section, this type of wooden ceiling is called “coffin ceiling”. According to tradition, each of the coffins featured a writing and functioned as a holder for the ecclesial treasures and books.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A szentélyben dongaboltozat, a hajóban nagyon szép festett, kazettás deszkamennyezet van. A templomhoz egy hatalmas méretű, hatszögű, hatszintes templomtorony csatlakozik, amely eredeti állapotában áll ma is.
The monumental east/west-facing church preserves its medieval form. A crescent-shaped triumphal arch divides the rectangular nave from the sanctuary which is formed by five sides of an octagon. The sanctuary has a wagon roof, and a fabulous painted cassette-style wooden ceiling covers the nave. A monumental hexagon-shaped six-storey tower is attached to the church, which has been preserved in its original state. The form of the western spire is a special solution of the former parish church in Csenger. In Csenger, the spire has an octagonal ground plan and there is a number of spires in the neighbourhood, which are the same or very similar (for example the Calvinist church in Vámosoroszi, Mátészalka or Nyírmeggyes) This solution is not known in another area of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, so it can be said, that this architectural solution is one of the art historical specificities of Szatmár county.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Túristvándi temploma évszázadokon keresztül volt a Kölcsey és Kende család temetkezési helye. A Kendék a Kölcseyektől a 14. század végén kezdték megkülönböztetni magukat és szakadtak el külön családként, majd 1515-ben a Kende család is kettévált a kölcsei, illetve a cégényi Kende ágakra.
Biserica din Túristvándi a fost folosită pentru secole întregi ca loc de înmormântare pentru familiile Kölcsey şi Kende. Membrii familiei Kende au început să se deosebească de familia Kölcsey începând de la sfârşitul secolului XIV. şi au devenit familie separată. Ulterior, în 1515 şi familia Kende s-a împărţit în două ramuri, cea de Kölcse şi cea de Cégény. Membrii familiei Kende au fost statornici în urmărirea ritului reformat la care s-au convertit în secolul XVI, astfel găsim membrii acestei familii ca patroni ai mai multor biserici. Mai mulţi descendenţi ai acestui neam au devenit poeţi, scriitori, oameni politici sau savanţi. Au contribuit la ridicarea naţiunii fie ca politicieni conservatori sau liberali, ca preoţi, profesori, militari, oameni gospodari sau funcţionari. Una dintre cele mai impunătoare piese de patrimoniu, lăsate moştenire de neamul Kende este conacul Kölcsey-Kende, ridicată de către Zsigmond Kende pe malul râului Someş în 1833.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Ahogyan az a középkori templomok esetében szinte kötelező volt, a túristvándi templom két fő terét, szentélyét és hajóját is egy ív, az ún. diadalív választja el egymástól. Ez vizuálisan is kijelöli a misét végző papság számára fenntartott rész, azaz a szentély, és a hívők által használható tér, a hajó közti határvonalat.
La fel ca în majoritatea bisericilor medievale, şi în cea din Túristvándi sunt despărţite cele două spaţii majore – corul şi nava – cu un arc triumfal. Acest element despărţitor marchează vizibil limita dintre spaţiul dedicat celebrării slujbei de către preoţi – corul, şi partea accesibilă pentru enoriaşi – nava bisericii. La pornirea celor două părţi ale arcului, spre interiorul acestuia se remarcă două orificii profilate, de formă pătrată. Aceste orificii au legătură mai degrabă cu decorarea bisericii, decât cu construcţia arcului, aşa cum se credea mai demult. Acestea sunt lăcaşuri ale unei grinzi ce purta cândva una sau mai multe statui de lemn. În Evul Mediu aceste reprezentări au avut un program strict, fiind obligatorie reprezentarea Răstignirii. Denumirea originală, latină a acestui tip – crux triumphalis, deci crucea triumfului – face trimitere la triumful dobândit de Hristos pe cruce. În limba maghiară denumirea lor indică locul obişnuit de amplasare: „diadalívkereszt”, deci crucea arcului triumfal.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A gótikus építészet legjellemzőbb formája a csúcsív. Gyakran alkalmazták nyílások esetében, Túristvándiban például a torony kapujánál, a szentély és a hajó ablakainál, és a két térrészt elválasztó diadalívnél is.
Arcul frânt este forma cea mai tipică pentru stilul gotic, a fost foarte des utilizată la închiderile de ferestre şi uşi. La Túristvándi, de exemplu, apare la poarta turnului, la ferestrele din cor şi din nava bisericii, dar şi la arcul triumfal ce a despărţit cele două părţi ale spaţiului interior. Răspândirea largă la nivel european poate avea la bază şi motive de încărcătură simbolică. În arhitectura eclesiastică simbolizează direcţionalitatea în sus, către ceruri. Din punct de vedere practic ogivele au avut însă şi dezavantaje, pe care constructorii trebuiau să le elimine în primul rând în cazul bolţilor. Structurile ogivale au însemnat greutăţi şi presiuni mai mari, care au necesitat întăriri laterale, realizate de obicei cu contraforturi. Astfel şi contraforturile au devenit elemente de bază ale goticului, cu rol hotărâtor şi în estetica construcţiilor – nu e întâmplător că lângă arcul frânt această formă este asociată până astăzi cu stilul gotic.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A gótikus építészet legjellemzőbb formája a csúcsív. Gyakran alkalmazták nyílások esetében, Túristvándiban például a torony kapujánál, a szentély és a hajó ablakainál, és a két térrészt elválasztó diadalívnél is.
Arcul frânt este forma cea mai tipică pentru stilul gotic, a fost foarte des utilizată la închiderile de ferestre şi uşi. La Túristvándi, de exemplu, apare la poarta turnului, la ferestrele din cor şi din nava bisericii, dar şi la arcul triumfal ce a despărţit cele două părţi ale spaţiului interior. Răspândirea largă la nivel european poate avea la bază şi motive de încărcătură simbolică. În arhitectura eclesiastică simbolizează direcţionalitatea în sus, către ceruri. Din punct de vedere practic ogivele au avut însă şi dezavantaje, pe care constructorii trebuiau să le elimine în primul rând în cazul bolţilor. Structurile ogivale au însemnat greutăţi şi presiuni mai mari, care au necesitat întăriri laterale, realizate de obicei cu contraforturi. Astfel şi contraforturile au devenit elemente de bază ale goticului, cu rol hotărâtor şi în estetica construcţiilor – nu e întâmplător că lângă arcul frânt această formă este asociată până astăzi cu stilul gotic.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Ahogyan az a középkori templomok esetében szinte kötelező volt, a túristvándi templom két fő terét, szentélyét és hajóját is egy ív, az ún. diadalív választja el egymástól. Ez vizuálisan is kijelöli a misét végző papság számára fenntartott rész, azaz a szentély, és a hívők által használható tér, a hajó közti határvonalat.
La fel ca în majoritatea bisericilor medievale, şi în cea din Túristvándi sunt despărţite cele două spaţii majore – corul şi nava – cu un arc triumfal. Acest element despărţitor marchează vizibil limita dintre spaţiul dedicat celebrării slujbei de către preoţi – corul, şi partea accesibilă pentru enoriaşi – nava bisericii. La pornirea celor două părţi ale arcului, spre interiorul acestuia se remarcă două orificii profilate, de formă pătrată. Aceste orificii au legătură mai degrabă cu decorarea bisericii, decât cu construcţia arcului, aşa cum se credea mai demult. Acestea sunt lăcaşuri ale unei grinzi ce purta cândva una sau mai multe statui de lemn. În Evul Mediu aceste reprezentări au avut un program strict, fiind obligatorie reprezentarea Răstignirii. Denumirea originală, latină a acestui tip – crux triumphalis, deci crucea triumfului – face trimitere la triumful dobândit de Hristos pe cruce. În limba maghiară denumirea lor indică locul obişnuit de amplasare: „diadalívkereszt”, deci crucea arcului triumfal.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Figyelemre méltó, hogy a templomot vakolat nélküli, vörös és fekete színű égetett téglákból építették, hasonló mintázattal, mint a közeli szamostatárfalvi, csegöldi vagy a kissé távolabbi baktalórántházi templomot.
The church was constructed of mortarless fired red and black brick, which provides a remarkable characteristic for the building. Similar patterns can be observed in Szamostatárfalva, Csegöld and Baktalórántháza. In the Carpathian Basin brick churches are known since the 13th century, primarily from the Great Hungarian Plains. The surviving examples can be found almost exclusively in the north-eastern part of the area, in the szabolcs-szatmár-bereg region, which was less devastated by the Turkish invasion (eg: Szamostatárfalva, Gyügye, Nagyszekeres, Túriccse) The former parish church of Csenger stands out from the churches, which were made purely from bricks - it is a Calvinist church today. It is outstanding not just because of its size, but also because such a decoration method was used during its construction, which was the most typical in the brick churches across Europe.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A gótikus építészet legjellemzőbb formája a csúcsív. Gyakran alkalmazták nyílások esetében, Túristvándiban például a torony kapujánál, a szentély és a hajó ablakainál, és a két térrészt elválasztó diadalívnél is.
Arcul frânt este forma cea mai tipică pentru stilul gotic, a fost foarte des utilizată la închiderile de ferestre şi uşi. La Túristvándi, de exemplu, apare la poarta turnului, la ferestrele din cor şi din nava bisericii, dar şi la arcul triumfal ce a despărţit cele două părţi ale spaţiului interior. Răspândirea largă la nivel european poate avea la bază şi motive de încărcătură simbolică. În arhitectura eclesiastică simbolizează direcţionalitatea în sus, către ceruri. Din punct de vedere practic ogivele au avut însă şi dezavantaje, pe care constructorii trebuiau să le elimine în primul rând în cazul bolţilor. Structurile ogivale au însemnat greutăţi şi presiuni mai mari, care au necesitat întăriri laterale, realizate de obicei cu contraforturi. Astfel şi contraforturile au devenit elemente de bază ale goticului, cu rol hotărâtor şi în estetica construcţiilor – nu e întâmplător că lângă arcul frânt această formă este asociată până astăzi cu stilul gotic.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A püspöki trónt Franz Feck kassai faragó készítette. Keretét püspöki jelvények díszítik, baldachinjának párkányán Bacsinszky András püspök címerét is láthatjuk.
Den Bischofsthron fertigte der Kaschauer Schnitzer Franz Feck an. Seinen Rahmen schmücken die bischöflichen Insignien, am Gesims des Baldachins ist das Wappen des Bischofs András Bacsinszky zu sehen.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Kölcse község és a Kölcsey család neve szorosan összetartozik, hiszen egészen 1830-ig a Kölcsey család birtoka volt a falu. A Kölcsey család Szatmár vármegye egyik ősi családja, mely a Szente-Mágócs nemzetség-ből ered, és a Kende családdal egy törzsből származnak.
The village of Kölcse and the name of the Kölcsey family belong together, as the village was owned by the Kölcsey family until 1830. The Kölcsey family is one of the ancient families in the historical Szatmár county, who have their origin in the Szente-Mágócs generation, and who originate from the same tribe as the Kende family. An ancestor of the family was Reeve (comes) Kölcse, who lived prior to 1181. Beside the river Szamos, the Monastery of Cégény was built and founded by him, and of which he was the patron for a long period of time. It is probable that the Kölcseys and the Kendes built the church of Kölcse together. The Kölcsey and the Kende family divided into two branches in the 14th century and they partitioned their common estates in 1315. After that, the family increased its influence in Szatmár county. Later, many family members became officials in the county, from the assessors to the higher positions. However, the most famous member of the family comes from the poorer branch of the family, he was a prominent intellectual and poet in the Reformed Era, Ferenc Kölcsey.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A templom további kutatása adhat választ a keltezési kérdésekre, a falképek szakszerű restaurálása is fontos feladata a jövőnek.
Further exploration of the church might give a definitive answer to questions regarding dating and the professionally sound restoration of murals is another major task to be completed in the future.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A templom jelenlegi formájában két részből áll: az egyterű, téglalap alaprajzú hajóból (belmérete: 12x7 méter) és a négyzet alaprajzú szentélyből (4x4 méter). A hajó tömbje magasabbra emelkedik a szentélyénél, és a tetőzete is jól elkülönül.
In its present form, the church is made up of two structural elements: a rectangular, single-bay nave (measuring 12 x 7 metres) and a square-based sanctuary (measuring 4 x 4 metres). The nave is higher than the sanctuary and the two roofs are also separate.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Kölcse község és a Kölcsey család neve szorosan összetartozik, hiszen egészen 1830-ig a Kölcsey család birtoka volt a falu. A Kölcsey család Szatmár vármegye egyik ősi családja, mely a Szente-Mágócs nemzetség-ből ered, és a Kende családdal egy törzsből származnak.
The village of Kölcse and the name of the Kölcsey family belong together, as the village was owned by the Kölcsey family until 1830. The Kölcsey family is one of the ancient families in the historical Szatmár county, who have their origin in the Szente-Mágócs generation, and who originate from the same tribe as the Kende family. An ancestor of the family was Reeve (comes) Kölcse, who lived prior to 1181. Beside the river Szamos, the Monastery of Cégény was built and founded by him, and of which he was the patron for a long period of time. It is probable that the Kölcseys and the Kendes built the church of Kölcse together. The Kölcsey and the Kende family divided into two branches in the 14th century and they partitioned their common estates in 1315. After that, the family increased its influence in Szatmár county. Later, many family members became officials in the county, from the assessors to the higher positions. However, the most famous member of the family comes from the poorer branch of the family, he was a prominent intellectual and poet in the Reformed Era, Ferenc Kölcsey.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
század elején jelentősen átalakították a templomot. Megemelték a szentélyt, új boltozatot készítettek, amely hasonlított Tornyospálca református templomának ma is fönnálló boltozatához. Megmagasították a hajót is, a déli oldalon új ablakrendszert alakítottak ki.
The church was modified to a very large extent at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century. The walls of the sanctuary were raised to a higher level and a new vaulting was constructed, too. This was very similar to the still extant vaulting of the Calvinist church in Tornyospálca. The nave was also raised and a new system of windows was created on the southern side.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A templom egykori festése több szempontból is különleges. Leírásokból ismerjük a valószínűleg 1741-ből származó, tehát református kori díszítést, amely talán Jézus mennybemenetelét és a Bűnbeesést ábrázolja.
The previous paintings of the church were special for a number of reasons. Various accounts describe the decorations stemming probably form 1741 – that is, from times when Calvinists were using the church already. These decorations represent arguably The Ascension of Jesus and The Fall of Man.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A hajó nyugati részén nagyméretű karzat hordja az 1853-ban készült orgonát. 1748-ban készült a hajó kazettás, festett famennyezete. A kazetták többsége ornamentális motívumokkal díszített, de találunk figurális ábrázolásokat és feliratokat is.
Inside the church, a semi-circular or round arch is the chancel arch separating the chancel from the nave. On the western side, a large gallery supports the organ built in 1853. The nave’s painted wooden coffered ceiling was made in 1748. Most of the panels are decorated with ornamental motifs; however, the artist painted figural representations or inscriptions on some of them.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
század elején jelentősen átalakították a templomot. Megemelték a szentélyt, új boltozatot készítettek, amely hasonlított Tornyospálca református templomának ma is fönnálló boltozatához. Megmagasították a hajót is, a déli oldalon új ablakrendszert alakítottak ki.
The church was modified to a very large extent at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century. The walls of the sanctuary were raised to a higher level and a new vaulting was constructed, too. This was very similar to the still extant vaulting of the Calvinist church in Tornyospálca. The nave was also raised and a new system of windows was created on the southern side.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
század közepe óta a környéken kiterjedt birtokokkal rendelkező Káta nemzetség tulajdonában volt. Így a templom építését is e nemzettség tagjainak tulajdoníthatjuk. A templom építésének munkája feltehetően 1322 után indult el, és legkésőbb a század második negyedében fejeződött be.
Csenger grew to become one of the most significant towns in the historical Szatmár County during the Middle Ages. An indication of this is the fact that from 1429, Csenger is referred to in the chronicles as a county town where county assemblies were often held in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the middle of the 13th century, Csenger became the property of the Kátas, a family that owned several neighboring lands, and by whom the church was supposedly built. It is probable that the construction work began after 1322, and was completed in the second quarter of the century. Csenger’s medieval church is the only architectural heritage of the Great Plain’s medieval monumental architecture. A unique feature is the octagon-based western tower. Originally, the St Andrew’s Church in Debrecen featured the same type of structure, but it was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century. As a result, the St Andrew’s Church, founded by the reputable Debreceni family, may have served as a model for Csenger’s church. In spite of the fact that the construction of a wooden chapel was approved according to a document in 1322, for some unknown reason, a monumental church was built.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
További átalakítások a református korban történtek, a gyülekezetre először 1595-ben vannak adataink. Ők emelték meg a padlószintet a XVIII. század során, ezzel egykorú a stukkódíszes szószék is (koronája 1776-os évszámú), valamint az 1781-ben ácsolt impozáns harangtorony.
Later modifications were made by the Calvinists after they acquired the church. Still, their congregation was mentioned for the first time in 1595. They raised the floor level during the 18th century, ordered the pulpit decorated with stucco (the year 1776 is engraved on its baldachin) and the impressive belfry made by carpenters in 1781.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A szentély belsejében, északi falának nyugati végén megmaradt a szemöldökgyámos lezárású sekrestyeajtó. Látható a lefaragott felületű, kő szentségfülke is. A déli fal keleti szakaszában látszik a hármas osztású ülőfülke.
Im Inneren des Chores blieb am westlichen Ende der Nordwand die mit Faschen abgeschlossene Tür der Sakristei erhalten, sichtbar ist auch die Monstranz-Nische aus Stein mit gemeißelter Oberfläche. Im östlichen Abschnitt der Südwand sieht man eine dreigeteilte Sitznische.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A gótikus építészet legjellemzőbb formája a csúcsív. Gyakran alkalmazták nyílások esetében, Túristvándiban például a torony kapujánál, a szentély és a hajó ablakainál, és a két térrészt elválasztó diadalívnél is.
Arcul frânt este forma cea mai tipică pentru stilul gotic, a fost foarte des utilizată la închiderile de ferestre şi uşi. La Túristvándi, de exemplu, apare la poarta turnului, la ferestrele din cor şi din nava bisericii, dar şi la arcul triumfal ce a despărţit cele două părţi ale spaţiului interior. Răspândirea largă la nivel european poate avea la bază şi motive de încărcătură simbolică. În arhitectura eclesiastică simbolizează direcţionalitatea în sus, către ceruri. Din punct de vedere practic ogivele au avut însă şi dezavantaje, pe care constructorii trebuiau să le elimine în primul rând în cazul bolţilor. Structurile ogivale au însemnat greutăţi şi presiuni mai mari, care au necesitat întăriri laterale, realizate de obicei cu contraforturi. Astfel şi contraforturile au devenit elemente de bază ale goticului, cu rol hotărâtor şi în estetica construcţiilor – nu e întâmplător că lângă arcul frânt această formă este asociată până astăzi cu stilul gotic.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A gótikus építészet legjellemzőbb formája a csúcsív. Gyakran alkalmazták nyílások esetében, Túristvándiban például a torony kapujánál, a szentély és a hajó ablakainál, és a két térrészt elválasztó diadalívnél is.
Arcul frânt este forma cea mai tipică pentru stilul gotic, a fost foarte des utilizată la închiderile de ferestre şi uşi. La Túristvándi, de exemplu, apare la poarta turnului, la ferestrele din cor şi din nava bisericii, dar şi la arcul triumfal ce a despărţit cele două părţi ale spaţiului interior. Răspândirea largă la nivel european poate avea la bază şi motive de încărcătură simbolică. În arhitectura eclesiastică simbolizează direcţionalitatea în sus, către ceruri. Din punct de vedere practic ogivele au avut însă şi dezavantaje, pe care constructorii trebuiau să le elimine în primul rând în cazul bolţilor. Structurile ogivale au însemnat greutăţi şi presiuni mai mari, care au necesitat întăriri laterale, realizate de obicei cu contraforturi. Astfel şi contraforturile au devenit elemente de bază ale goticului, cu rol hotărâtor şi în estetica construcţiilor – nu e întâmplător că lângă arcul frânt această formă este asociată până astăzi cu stilul gotic.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
század elejei dokumentumok alapján lehet több-kevesebb részletességgel rekonstruálni. A nyolcszög öt oldalával záródó, egykor két boltszakaszos szentély keleti szakasza ma is áll, az 1897-ben elbontott nyugatiról pedig Schulcz Ferenc 1864-es felmérései tanúskodnak.
După dărâmarea traveii vestice, în 1867, şi partea rămasă intactă a bolţii a fost transformată: intradosurile vestice au fost legate de arcul de triumf nou, aşa încât acestea acoperă acum, în mare parte, profilul nervurilor orientate spre arc (mai ales în ultima secţiune). Nu este exclus însă ca bolta să fi fost transformată deja din Evul Mediu, pentru că planul bolţii originale pare atipic în comparaţie cu bolţile medievale astăzi cunoscute . Dacă însă adăugăm câteva segmente cu nervuri, recunoaştem o boltă în reţea foarte frecventă nu numai în mijlocul Europei, dar şi în părţile nord-estice ale regatului maghiar (vezi biserica romano-catolică din Jánk sau biserica reformată din Vámosoroszi) . Dacă presupunerea este corectă, atunci la bolta medievală nu au fost dărâmate sau ciuntite numai câteva segmente cu nervuri, dar a fost reconstruit şi intradosul. Nervurile care se văd şi astăzi în mod clar se adaptează formelor bolţii actuale.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A kölcsei fatornyot a galérián olvasható felirat tanúsága szerint 1794-ben Garda András és Farkas János ácsok készítették. A sisakot záró toronygomb fölötti szélzászlón 1925-ös évszám olvasható, ami biztosan a torony megújítására vonatkozik.
It is probable that the date 1925, which can be read on the wind indicator above the ball finial closing the spire, refers to the restoration of the tower. Above the date, the star is an indication of the Reformed denomination. Similarly to the star leading the wise men of the east to Jesus Christ, the stars at the top of the churches indicate the way. According to the Reformed tradition, the star also represents the glory of God, which is part of the greeting the Reformed express: “Grace and peace be with you.” Respond: “Glory to God.”
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Annyira hasonlítanak egymáshoz, hogy valószínűleg ugyanaz a festőasztalos készítette mindkettőt. Nemrég derült ki, hogy volt egy harmadik testvérük is, Milotán. Ennek azonban már csak töredékeit ismerjük.
Cu şase ani mai devreme, în 7 iulie 1761 este „ziua de naştere” a tavanului de lemn din Csengersima, fratele celui din Gyügye. Sunt atât de asemănătoare, încât e aproape sigur că au fost realizate de acelaşi zugrav-tâmplar. Nu demult s-a aflat că au avut şi un al treilea frate, la Milota, din care cunoaştem însă numai fragmente.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
Túristvándi temploma az 1470-80-as évek második felében épült. A falu fő birtokosai, így valószínű templomának építői és kegyurai Kölcsey és a Kende családok voltak, de a 16 századtól kisebb nagyobb részbirtokait találjuk itt két főúri családnak: a Perényieknek és a Báthoryaknak.
Biserica din Túristvándi a fost construită în anii 1470-80. Cei mai importanţi moşieri ai satului, astfel probabil şi ctitorii bisericii au fost familiile Kölcsey şi Kende, dar începând din secolul XVI. găsim aici mai multe domenii mai mici aparţinătoare familiilor Perényi şi Báthory. Familiile Kölcsey şi Kende au construit probabil încă împreună biserica din Kölcse, în prima jumătate a secolului XIV, una dintre cele mai importante biserici patronate de aceste familii. Familia Kölcsey apare cu domenii şi pe teritoriul actual al localităţilor Tiszakóród, Túristvándi şi Nagyszekeres, astfel putem presupune că au contribuit la ridicarea bisericilor şi din aceste localităţi.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A környéken több hasonló alaprajzi elrendezésű, egyenes záródású szentéllyel, kőbordás keresztboltozattal ellátott templomot találunk, ilyenek Csaroda, Márokpapi és Lónya templomai. A határ túloldalán, a kárpátaljai részen Nagybégány és Técső templomai is ebbe a csoportba tartoznak.
Several churches in the area share this layout, have a sanctuary enclosed by a straight line and are covered by a groin vault ceiling combined with ribs made of stone. Some examples are the churches in Csaroda, Márokpapi and Lónya. In what regards the other side of the frontier, Kárpátalja (Subcarpathia), the churches in Nagybégány (Velika Bihany) and Técső (Tiachiv) can be included in this group. It was supposed earlier that these churches are the works of craftsmen who were in close contact with one another. Although this is somewhat uncertain, the family resemblance of the churches is obvious. Moreover, the church-route links these important memories of Hungarian medieval architecture in an interesting manner from a tourist’s point of view.
  Középkori Templomok Útja  
A sekrestye jelenlegi dongaboltozata akár középkori is lehet. A részletformák alapján a templom valószínűleg egy periódusban épült. Az építkezéssel leginkább 1500 körül, illetve a XVI. század első negyedében, harmadában lehet számolni.
The present barrel vault ceiling of the sacristy might as well stem from the Middle Ages. On the basis of preserved shape details, one might suspect that the entire church was built during a single period: most probably around 1500, or in the first 25, maybe roughly 35 years of the 16th century. A similar church to the one in Akli is located in Csepe. The entire form and outlook of these two places of worship bear resemblances; moreover, their western gates are identical and their tracery decorations almost identical.
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