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€€That€of€French€in€Quebec,€and€particularly€in€the€Montr al€area,€stillÐ t Ä Ðdepends€to€a€large€extent€on€its€relationship€with€English€and€remains€contingentÐ ' ° Ðupon€various€factors€such€as€fecundity,€the€aging€of€the€population,€inter-€andÐ L œ Ðintraprovincial€migration€and€language€substitution.€€[p.47]Ó Ep ÓÐ 8 ˆ j (#j (# ÐÌÝ ‚ % ÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % Os Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú40Ú ÚÛ € z ( Û]à j àÝ ÝSince€the€legislative€objective€has€been€found€to€be€valid,€the€next€step€is€toÐ è 8 Ðdetermine€whether€the€provisions€introduced€by€Bill104€constitute€a€proportionate€response€toÐ À Ðthe€problems€identified€above.€€In€my€opinion,€the€appellants€have€established€the€existence€of€aÐ ˜ è Ðrational€causal€connection€between€the€objectives€of€Bill€104€and€the€measures€taken€by€theÐ p À Ðprovince€of€Quebec.€€Moreover,€this€Court€has€commented€several€times€on€the€importance€ofÐ H ˜ Ðeducation€and€the€organization€of€schools€to€the€preservation€and€promotion€of€a€language€and€itsÐ p Ðculture€(ò òMaheó ó,€at€pp.362-63;€ò òReference€re€Public€Schools€Act€(Man.)ó ó,€at€p.849;€ò òGosselinó ó,€atÐ ø H Ðpara.31).€€The€purpose€of€Bill104€is€to€protect€and€promote€instruction€in€French€as€well€as€theÐ Ð Ðuse€of€the€French€language.Ý ƒ % Os js ݌Р¨ ø ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % ÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % »w Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú41Ú ÚÛ € z ) Û]à j àÝ ÝThe€main€problem€that€arises€in€determining€whether€the€impugned€provisions€areÐ X ¨ Ðconstitutional€relates€to€the€proportionality€of€the€adopted€measures.€€Even€if€a€rationalÐ 0"€ Ðconnection€is€found€to€exist€between€the€impugned€measures€and€the€objective€of€the€legislation,Ð $X " Ðit€is€necessary€to€take€the€analysis€further€and€ask€whether€the€means€chosen€by€the€legislatureÐ à%0!$ Ðconstitute€a€minimal€impairment,€as€defined€in€the€case€law,€of€the€constitutional€rightsÐ ¸' #& Ðguaranteed€by€s.
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Óà0 ! àò òà ú à23.€ó ó(1)€Les€citoyens€canadiens€:Ð Ì& "% ! (#! (# ÐÌà0 ! àà0 ú ! (#! (# àò òaó ó)€dont€la€premi re€langue€apprise€et€encore€comprise€est€celle€de€la€minorit Ð ¨(ø#' Ðfrancophone€ou€anglophone€de€la€province€o €ils€r sident,€Ð ”)ä$( ú (#ú (# ÐÌà0 ! àà0 ú ! (#! (# àò òbó ó)€qui€ont€re u€leur€instruction,€au€niveau€primaire,€en€fran ais€ou€en€anglais€auÐ l+¼&* ÐCanada€et€qui€r sident€dans€une€province€o €la€langue€dans€laquelle€ils€ont€re u€cetteÐ X,¨'+ Ðinstruction€est€celle€de€la€minorit €francophone€ou€anglophone€de€la€province,€Ð D-”(, ú (#ú (# Їà0 ! àont,€dans€lð ðun€ou€lð ðautre€cas,€le€droit€dð ðy€faire€instruire€leurs€enfants,€aux€niveaux€primaireÐ ° Ðet€secondaire,€dans€cette€langue.€€Ð œ ì ! (#! (# ÐÌà0 ! àà ú à(2)€Les€citoyens€canadiens€dont€un€enfant€a€re u€ou€re oit€son€instruction,€au€niveauÐ t Ä Ðprimaire€ou€secondaire,€en€fran ais€ou€en€anglais€au€Canada€ont€le€droit€de€faire€instruireÐ ` ° Ðtous€leurs€enfants,€aux€niveaux€primaire€et€secondaire,€dans€la€langue€de€cette€instruction.€Ð L œ ! (#! (# ÐÌà0 ! àà ú à(3)€Le€droit€reconnu€aux€citoyens€canadiens€par€les€paragraphes€(1)€et€(2)€de€faireÐ $ t Ðinstruire€leurs€enfants,€aux€niveaux€primaire€et€secondaire,€dans€la€langue€de€la€minorit Ð ` Ðfrancophone€ou€anglophone€dð ðune€province:Ð ü L ! (#! (# ÐÌà0 ! àà0 ú ! (#! (# àò òaó ó)€sð ðexerce€partout€dans€la€province€o €le€nombre€des€enfants€des€citoyens€qui€ont€ceÐ Ô $ Ðdroit€est€suffisant€pour€justifier€ €leur€endroit€la€prestation,€sur€les€fonds€publics,€deÐ À Ðlð ðinstruction€dans€la€langue€de€la€minorit ;€Ð ¬ ü ú (#ú (# ÐÌà0 ! àà0 ú ! (#! (# àò òbó ó)€comprend,€lorsque€le€nombre€de€ces€enfants€le€justifie,€le€droit€de€les€faire€instruireÐ „ Ô Ðdans€des€ tablissements€dð ðenseignement€de€la€minorit €linguistique€financ s€sur€lesÐ p À Ðfonds€publics.Ó ÓÐ \ ¬ ú (#ú (# ÐÌÓ = Ü , ‚X } þ
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