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  Understanding Common-Mo...  
Three sources of common-mode voltage are represented in Figure 4 as eGD, eLC, and EOS:
eLC is a longitudinally coupled noise signal occurring equally on both transmission lines due to capacitive, electromagnetic, or inductive coupling from extraneous sources.
  Understanding Common-Mo...  
Figure 4. Three types of common-mode signal (eGD, eLC, and EOS) can be present in a 2-wire data-transmission system.
Three sources of common-mode voltage are represented in Figure 4 as eGD, eLC, and EOS:
  Understanding Common-Mo...  
eLC is a longitudinally coupled noise signal occurring equally on both transmission lines due to capacitive, electromagnetic, or inductive coupling from extraneous sources.
The load must also be symmetrical; the resistive and capacitive load impedances on both lines of the twisted pair must be matched. Inductively coupled signals can be prevented only by using magnetic shielding. (Note that any wire carrying signal current is a source of magnetic radiation.)
  Understanding Common-Mo...  
In contrast, eGD can be minimized only by maintaining a relatively short distance between the transmitting and receiving locations. eLC can be minimized by using a shielded twisted pair: noise introduced within the cable arises equally on each of two tightly twisted wires.
Common-mode signals (VCM) must be rejected in the receiving circuit. That rejection is easily accomplished when the receiving circuit is passive (headphones or loudspeaker), transformer coupled, isolated and battery operated, or otherwise not referenced in any way to the transmitting-circuit common (either capacitively or resistively connected). The configurations noted here are inherently immune to common-mode signals, but receiving circuits referenced to the transmitting-circuit common must be designed to accept the full range of VCM presented to them. All such designs involve differential receivers with high common-mode-rejection (CMR). If the VCM is of relatively low amplitude, a high-CMR receiver alone may be adequate.