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The relationship expanded considerably after the Second World War. At the federal level, for instance, the Citizenship Training Program began to fund nonprofit and voluntary organizations with the explicit intent of strengthening national loyalty among an increasingly diverse population (Joint Tables, 1999). New federal-provincial funding agreements through the 1960s and early 1970s – especially the Canada Assistance Plan – consolidated government support for nonprofit service providers. The Canada Council and other provincial arts funding bodies were set up at that time. At the same time, the federal government introduced indirect financial assistance to registered charities through the tax system and direct operational funding to organizations engaged in promoting various aspects of Canadian identity through new Secretary of State programs. Predictably, as government funding became available, the number of nonprofit and voluntary organizations grew, including the number of advocacy organizations – a unique feature of Canadian support for the nonprofit and voluntary sector.8 Indeed, far from crowding out voluntary contributions and activity, the nonprofit and voluntary sector has grown up alongside government over the past 50 years – here in Canada and elsewhere (Gidron et al., 1992).
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