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Keybot 177 Résultats  www.hc-sc.gc.ca  Page 2
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
NPA (dB)
SPL(dB)
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Gold et coll. (Go 84) ont observé quun morceau de carton de 3 mm dépaisseur était suffisant pour réduire les NPA de 70 dB entre 20 et 50 kHz. Crabtree et Forshaw (Cr 77) ont construit des enceintes relativement simples pour plusieurs appareils à nettoyer ultrasonores qui avaient produit des niveaux de pression acoustique, pour les ultrasons transmis dans lair, supérieurs à la norme dActon.
Protective measures are considerably simpler and more economical in the ultrasonic range than in the audible range since the higher ultrasonic frequencies tend to be much more readily absorbed and reflected inward by enclosures. In addition, they are less liable to diffraction through orifices. Gold et al. (Go 84) reported that cardboard 3 mm thick was adequate to reduce SPLs by 70 dB between 20 and 50 kHz. Crabtree and Forshaw (Cr 77) constructed relatively simple enclosures for several ultrasonic cleaners which had yielded airborne ultrasound SPLs greater than Acton's criterion. One enclosure, made of 3/4" plywood, lined with one-inch styrofoam and fitted with a top lid and front panel hinged with piano hinges, was effective in attenuating the SPL from 85 to 55 dB in the 16 kHz 1/3-octave band. Rooms constructed for large cleaners in a hangar were made with simple construction materials such as 1/2" gypsum board and 1/4" plywood. Sealing of the doors was entirely unnecessary and attenuation was at least 40 dB. Acton (Ac 67) described simple protective measures for a bank of ultrasonic cleaners. The enclosure was constructed from polyvinyl chloride and Perspex, with stainless steel runners on the outside of the enclosure for the doors. (These materials were used because they were resistant to the corrosive fumes generated during the washing process.) Although the enclosure was far from perfectly sealed, Acton and Carson (Ac 67) were able to achieve attenuation of approximately 10 dB at 20 kHz and 15 dB at 40 kHz with this shielding, enough to eliminate the subjective effects.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Cette différence est en accord, qualitativement, avec lélévation abrupte du seuil daudition moyen mesurée par Herbetz et Grunter (He 81, He 84), qui passe denviron 75 dB à 17,5 kHz à 115 dB à 22,5 kHz.
Two other, quite different criteria have also appeared. The U.S. Air Force (USAF 76) retains an 85 dB limit for each 1/3-octave band from 12.5 to 40 kHz. Based on comparisons to some of Skillern's and Acton's spectra giving rise to subjective effects, these limits may be too high in the 16 and 20 kHz bands to adequately protect against subjective effects and unnecessarily restrictive in the 25 to 40 kHz bands. The other guideline has been presented by auf der Maur in his review article (Ma 85). This proposal, which is based on the AU weighted filter suggested by Herbertz (He 84), has apparently been under consideration by several organizations. However, the high levels it allows, such as 105 dB in the 16 kHz band, 120 dB in the 20 kHz band and 140 dB for the 31.5 kHz band, appear to be excessively high when seen in relation to the data on subjective effects. In addition, the levels permitted in the 16 and 20 kHz bands by this guideline are greater than or equal to those for which Grigor'eva and Dobroserdov appear to have observed TTS in their exposed subjects (Gr 66, Do 67). The value of 140 dB is at the lower limit of the range in which observations of mild heating of skin clefts have been reported (Ac 74).
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Cette différence est en accord, qualitativement, avec lélévation abrupte du seuil daudition moyen mesurée par Herbetz et Grunter (He 81, He 84), qui passe denviron 75 dB à 17,5 kHz à 115 dB à 22,5 kHz.
Two other, quite different criteria have also appeared. The U.S. Air Force (USAF 76) retains an 85 dB limit for each 1/3-octave band from 12.5 to 40 kHz. Based on comparisons to some of Skillern's and Acton's spectra giving rise to subjective effects, these limits may be too high in the 16 and 20 kHz bands to adequately protect against subjective effects and unnecessarily restrictive in the 25 to 40 kHz bands. The other guideline has been presented by auf der Maur in his review article (Ma 85). This proposal, which is based on the AU weighted filter suggested by Herbertz (He 84), has apparently been under consideration by several organizations. However, the high levels it allows, such as 105 dB in the 16 kHz band, 120 dB in the 20 kHz band and 140 dB for the 31.5 kHz band, appear to be excessively high when seen in relation to the data on subjective effects. In addition, the levels permitted in the 16 and 20 kHz bands by this guideline are greater than or equal to those for which Grigor'eva and Dobroserdov appear to have observed TTS in their exposed subjects (Gr 66, Do 67). The value of 140 dB is at the lower limit of the range in which observations of mild heating of skin clefts have been reported (Ac 74).
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Toutefois, pour éviter tout danger de réchauffement dans la plage des fréquences ultrasonores, le niveau de pression acoustique linéaire total mesuré ne doit jamais dépasser 137 dB pour toutes les autres parties du corps.
The limits recommended in this guideline may be exceeded for occupational exposure, if reduction of the SPL via engineering controls is not possible (see 4.2.2. below) and workers are provided with ear protectors that reduce ultrasound levels at their ears to the sound pressure levels given in Table 5. However, in the ultrasonic frequency range, if potential problems due to heating are to be avoided, total linear measured SPL exposure to other parts of the body must never exceed 137 dB. This value is based on the lowest value (140 dB) (see Figure 2) which allegedly has led to mild heating of skin clefts. A safety factor of 3 dB (a factor of 2 in energy) should ensure that no significant heating of a human could occur.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Toutefois, pour éviter tout danger de réchauffement dans la plage des fréquences ultrasonores, le niveau de pression acoustique linéaire total mesuré ne doit jamais dépasser 137 dB pour toutes les autres parties du corps.
The limits recommended in this guideline may be exceeded for occupational exposure, if reduction of the SPL via engineering controls is not possible (see 4.2.2. below) and workers are provided with ear protectors that reduce ultrasound levels at their ears to the sound pressure levels given in Table 5. However, in the ultrasonic frequency range, if potential problems due to heating are to be avoided, total linear measured SPL exposure to other parts of the body must never exceed 137 dB. This value is based on the lowest value (140 dB) (see Figure 2) which allegedly has led to mild heating of skin clefts. A safety factor of 3 dB (a factor of 2 in energy) should ensure that no significant heating of a human could occur.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Toutefois, pour éviter tout danger de réchauffement dans la plage des fréquences ultrasonores, le niveau de pression acoustique linéaire total mesuré ne doit jamais dépasser 137 dB pour toutes les autres parties du corps.
The limits recommended in this guideline may be exceeded for occupational exposure, if reduction of the SPL via engineering controls is not possible (see 4.2.2. below) and workers are provided with ear protectors that reduce ultrasound levels at their ears to the sound pressure levels given in Table 5. However, in the ultrasonic frequency range, if potential problems due to heating are to be avoided, total linear measured SPL exposure to other parts of the body must never exceed 137 dB. This value is based on the lowest value (140 dB) (see Figure 2) which allegedly has led to mild heating of skin clefts. A safety factor of 3 dB (a factor of 2 in energy) should ensure that no significant heating of a human could occur.
  Page 6 - Rapport sur l...  
Ces mesures visaient à permettre le moyennage du signal de manière à n'enregistrer que la moyenne temporelle de la densité de puissance. La fréquence de coupure progressive à 3 dB des circuits de filtres passe-bande a été réglée à 30 Hz, ce qui équivaut à une constante temporelle de moyennage d'environ 5 millisecondes.
For measurements in the City of Ottawa, the GLOBE system antennae/receivers were mounted on the roof of a mini-van and measurements taken while driving. Thus all power densities were measured approximately at head height. In addition, low-pass filter circuits were installed between the outputs of the log amp/detectors and the inputs of the multiplexed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This was to provide a means of signal averaging so that only the time-average power density is recorded. The 3 dB roll-off frequency of the low-pass filter circuits was set to 30 Hz which is equivalent to an averaging time-constant of approximately 5 milliseconds. This amount of time is more than adequate to average -out the fast and slow envelope variations shown in Fig. 4.
  Page 5 - Rapport sur l...  
Le gain de signal du récepteur en bande analogique est d'environ 27 dB dans la bande cellulaire analogique. L'atténuation du signal dans la bande de fr&eacu te;quences d'émission SCP de la station de base (1930 - 1975 MHz) est de 38 dB, ce qui donne au récepteur en bande analogique une sélectivité de 65 dB par rapport aux fréquences SCP.
The signal gain of the Analog-band receiver is approximately 27 dB across the Analog cellular frequency band. The signal attenuation over the PCS base-station transmit band of frequencies (1930 - 1975 MHz) is 38 dB, giving the receiver a 65 dB selectivity in terms of Analog to PCS frequencies. This selectivity allows an input PCS power level of up to -9 dBm before the detection threshold is reached. Further selectivity is obtained from the monopole antenna that is tuned to give a good impedance match to the receiver at Analog frequencies but a poor match at PCS frequencies.
  Page 5 - Rapport sur l...  
Le gain de signal du récepteur en bande analogique est d'environ 27 dB dans la bande cellulaire analogique. L'atténuation du signal dans la bande de fr&eacu te;quences d'émission SCP de la station de base (1930 - 1975 MHz) est de 38 dB, ce qui donne au récepteur en bande analogique une sélectivité de 65 dB par rapport aux fréquences SCP.
The signal gain of the Analog-band receiver is approximately 27 dB across the Analog cellular frequency band. The signal attenuation over the PCS base-station transmit band of frequencies (1930 - 1975 MHz) is 38 dB, giving the receiver a 65 dB selectivity in terms of Analog to PCS frequencies. This selectivity allows an input PCS power level of up to -9 dBm before the detection threshold is reached. Further selectivity is obtained from the monopole antenna that is tuned to give a good impedance match to the receiver at Analog frequencies but a poor match at PCS frequencies.
  Page 5 - Rapport sur l...  
Le gain de signal du récepteur en bande analogique est d'environ 27 dB dans la bande cellulaire analogique. L'atténuation du signal dans la bande de fr&eacu te;quences d'émission SCP de la station de base (1930 - 1975 MHz) est de 38 dB, ce qui donne au récepteur en bande analogique une sélectivité de 65 dB par rapport aux fréquences SCP.
The signal gain of the Analog-band receiver is approximately 27 dB across the Analog cellular frequency band. The signal attenuation over the PCS base-station transmit band of frequencies (1930 - 1975 MHz) is 38 dB, giving the receiver a 65 dB selectivity in terms of Analog to PCS frequencies. This selectivity allows an input PCS power level of up to -9 dBm before the detection threshold is reached. Further selectivity is obtained from the monopole antenna that is tuned to give a good impedance match to the receiver at Analog frequencies but a poor match at PCS frequencies.
  Page 5 - Rapport sur l...  
Comme cette plage est trop sensible pour les mesures près des stations de base cellulaires, le récepteur utilise un atténuateur fixe de 20 décibels (dB) situé entre l'antenne et le premier amplificateur qui ramène la plage de mesure à une gamme de valeurs de 400 fois à 20 millions de fois inférieures à la limite du Code.
The Analog-band receiver has a power density measurement range of 1.4 x 10-4 W/m2 to 2.8 x 10-9 W/m2. When normalized to the Health Canada Safety Code 6 [Health Canada, 1999] limit of 5.9 W/m 2 for the Analog band, this measurement rage extends from 40 thousand times below to 2 billion times below the SC 6 limit. Since this range is too sensitive for measurements near cellular base stations, the receiver is operated with a 20 decibel (dB) fixed attenuator between the antenna and the first amplifier which shifts the measurement range from 400 times below to 20 million times below the SC6 limit level.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Gold et coll. (Go 84) ont observé quun morceau de carton de 3 mm dépaisseur était suffisant pour réduire les NPA de 70 dB entre 20 et 50 kHz. Crabtree et Forshaw (Cr 77) ont construit des enceintes relativement simples pour plusieurs appareils à nettoyer ultrasonores qui avaient produit des niveaux de pression acoustique, pour les ultrasons transmis dans lair, supérieurs à la norme dActon.
Protective measures are considerably simpler and more economical in the ultrasonic range than in the audible range since the higher ultrasonic frequencies tend to be much more readily absorbed and reflected inward by enclosures. In addition, they are less liable to diffraction through orifices. Gold et al. (Go 84) reported that cardboard 3 mm thick was adequate to reduce SPLs by 70 dB between 20 and 50 kHz. Crabtree and Forshaw (Cr 77) constructed relatively simple enclosures for several ultrasonic cleaners which had yielded airborne ultrasound SPLs greater than Acton's criterion. One enclosure, made of 3/4" plywood, lined with one-inch styrofoam and fitted with a top lid and front panel hinged with piano hinges, was effective in attenuating the SPL from 85 to 55 dB in the 16 kHz 1/3-octave band. Rooms constructed for large cleaners in a hangar were made with simple construction materials such as 1/2" gypsum board and 1/4" plywood. Sealing of the doors was entirely unnecessary and attenuation was at least 40 dB. Acton (Ac 67) described simple protective measures for a bank of ultrasonic cleaners. The enclosure was constructed from polyvinyl chloride and Perspex, with stainless steel runners on the outside of the enclosure for the doors. (These materials were used because they were resistant to the corrosive fumes generated during the washing process.) Although the enclosure was far from perfectly sealed, Acton and Carson (Ac 67) were able to achieve attenuation of approximately 10 dB at 20 kHz and 15 dB at 40 kHz with this shielding, enough to eliminate the subjective effects.
  Page 5 - Rapport sur l...  
Cela est particulièrement important lorsqu'on mesure un signal faible en bande SCP en présence de signaux forts en bande analogique. Les essais ont montré que des niveaux de signaux, en bande analogique, atteignant jusqu'à -9,0 dBm ne produisaient pas de sortie détectable avec cette configuration.
The block diagram of the PCS-band receiver is given in Figure 2(b). The receiver has a different arrangement of the filters than the Analog-band one in order to pr event harmonics of analog-band signals from producing false outputs. This is especially important in situations where a weak PCS-band signal is being measured in the presence of strong Analog-band signals. Tests showed that signal levels, in the Analog band, of up to -9.0 dBm produced no detectable output with this arrangement. The selectivity of the PCS-band receiver to Analog-band signals was measured to be 76 dB.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
La réduction du niveau de pression acoustique aux fréquences ultrasonores devrait être dau moins 14 dB avec les casques protecteurs et les bouchons en caoutchouc et de 24 dB avec les bouchons en mousse (Ac 83).
In those cases where engineering controls are not feasible, reduction of sound at the receiver by ear protection for ultrasonic frequencies is simple and effective. The protection for ultrasonic frequencies is expected to be at least 14 dB for ear muffs and rubber ear plugs, and 24 dB for foa m ear plugs (Ac 83).
  Diéthylèneglycol - clas...  
O'brien KL, Selanikio JD, Hecdivert C, Placide MF, Louis M, Barr DB, Barr JR, Hospedales CJ, Lewis MJ, Schwartz BPhilen RM, St Victor S, Espindola J, Needham LL, Denerville K. : Epidemic of paediatric deaths from acute renal failure caused by diethylene glycol poisoning.
O'brien KL, Selanikio JD, Hecdivert C, Placide MF, Louis M, Barr DB, Barr JR, Hospedales CJ, Lewis MJ, Schwartz BPhilen RM, St Victor S, Espindola J, Needham LL, Denerville K.: Epidemic of paediatric deaths from acute renal failure caused by diethylene glycol poisoning. Acute renal investigation team. JAMA 1998;279(15):1175-80.
  Page 2 - Health Insider...  
Le bruit se mesure en décibels (dB). Un soupir perceptible correspond à quelque 10 dB et une conversation normale, à environ 60 dB. Le niveau de bruit d'une route importante correspond à environ 75 dB et celui d'une autoroute, entre 80 et 90 dB.
Noise is measured in decibels (dB). An audible whisper registers about 10dB and normal conversation is measured at about 60dB. The noise level on a major road is about 75dB and the noise from a highway ranges from 80 to 90dB. In Canada, all levels of government share responsibility for the control of environmental noise.
  Page 2 - Health Insider...  
Le bruit se mesure en décibels (dB). Un soupir perceptible correspond à quelque 10 dB et une conversation normale, à environ 60 dB. Le niveau de bruit d'une route importante correspond à environ 75 dB et celui d'une autoroute, entre 80 et 90 dB.
Noise is measured in decibels (dB). An audible whisper registers about 10dB and normal conversation is measured at about 60dB. The noise level on a major road is about 75dB and the noise from a highway ranges from 80 to 90dB. In Canada, all levels of government share responsibility for the control of environmental noise.
  Page 4 - L'acide (4-chl...  
Il faut noter que le MCPA est habituellement utilisé avec d'autres herbicides du type phénoxy tels que l'acide dichloro-2,4 phénoxyacétique (2,4-D), l'acide (2,4-dichlorophénoxy) butyrique (2,4-DB), l'acide (R)(+)-2-(4-chloro-2-méthylphénoxy)propanoïque (MCPP-p) et l'acide 4-(2-méthyl-4-chlorophénoxy)butyrique (MCPB) (U.S. EPA, 2004b).
It should be noted that MCPA is usually applied along with other phenoxy herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB), (R)(+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (also known as mecoprop-p or MCPP-p) and 4-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid (MCPB) (U.S. EPA, 2004b).
  Page 2 - Health Insider...  
Le bruit se mesure en décibels (dB). Un soupir perceptible correspond à quelque 10 dB et une conversation normale, à environ 60 dB. Le niveau de bruit d'une route importante correspond à environ 75 dB et celui d'une autoroute, entre 80 et 90 dB.
Noise is measured in decibels (dB). An audible whisper registers about 10dB and normal conversation is measured at about 60dB. The noise level on a major road is about 75dB and the noise from a highway ranges from 80 to 90dB. In Canada, all levels of government share responsibility for the control of environmental noise.
  Page 2 - Health Insider...  
Le bruit se mesure en décibels (dB). Un soupir perceptible correspond à quelque 10 dB et une conversation normale, à environ 60 dB. Le niveau de bruit d'une route importante correspond à environ 75 dB et celui d'une autoroute, entre 80 et 90 dB.
Noise is measured in decibels (dB). An audible whisper registers about 10dB and normal conversation is measured at about 60dB. The noise level on a major road is about 75dB and the noise from a highway ranges from 80 to 90dB. In Canada, all levels of government share responsibility for the control of environmental noise.
  Page 2 - Health Insider...  
Le bruit se mesure en décibels (dB). Un soupir perceptible correspond à quelque 10 dB et une conversation normale, à environ 60 dB. Le niveau de bruit d'une route importante correspond à environ 75 dB et celui d'une autoroute, entre 80 et 90 dB.
Noise is measured in decibels (dB). An audible whisper registers about 10dB and normal conversation is measured at about 60dB. The noise level on a major road is about 75dB and the noise from a highway ranges from 80 to 90dB. In Canada, all levels of government share responsibility for the control of environmental noise.
  Principes d'utilisation...  
Tableau 3. Niveaux de pression acoustique, en dB, pour divers appareils commerciaux
Table 3 Exposure SPLs in dB for Various Commercial Devices
  Page 10 - Rapport sur ...  
dB - abréviation de « décibel », unité de mesure équivalent à 10 fois le logarithme (base 10) d'un rapport.
MEL - maximum exposure limit. The maximum exposure level allowed by a standard or guideline usually in terms of power density.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
Tableau 3 Niveaux de pression acoustique, en dB, pour divers appareils commerciaux
Table 3. Exposure SPLs in dB for Various Commercial Devices.
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
La réduction du niveau de pression acoustique aux fréquences ultrasonores devrait être dau moins 14 dB avec les casques protecteurs et les bouchons en caoutchouc et de 24 dB avec les bouchons en mousse (Ac 83).
In those cases where engineering controls are not feasible, reduction of sound at the receiver by ear protection for ultrasonic frequencies is simple and effective. The protection for ultrasonic frequencies is expected to be at least 14 dB for ear muffs and rubber ear plugs, and 24 dB for foa m ear plugs (Ac 83).
  Page 6 - Principes d'ut...  
Gold et coll. (Go 84) ont observé quun morceau de carton de 3 mm dépaisseur était suffisant pour réduire les NPA de 70 dB entre 20 et 50 kHz. Crabtree et Forshaw (Cr 77) ont construit des enceintes relativement simples pour plusieurs appareils à nettoyer ultrasonores qui avaient produit des niveaux de pression acoustique, pour les ultrasons transmis dans lair, supérieurs à la norme dActon.
Protective measures are considerably simpler and more economical in the ultrasonic range than in the audible range since the higher ultrasonic frequencies tend to be much more readily absorbed and reflected inward by enclosures. In addition, they are less liable to diffraction through orifices. Gold et al. (Go 84) reported that cardboard 3 mm thick was adequate to reduce SPLs by 70 dB between 20 and 50 kHz. Crabtree and Forshaw (Cr 77) constructed relatively simple enclosures for several ultrasonic cleaners which had yielded airborne ultrasound SPLs greater than Acton's criterion. One enclosure, made of 3/4" plywood, lined with one-inch styrofoam and fitted with a top lid and front panel hinged with piano hinges, was effective in attenuating the SPL from 85 to 55 dB in the 16 kHz 1/3-octave band. Rooms constructed for large cleaners in a hangar were made with simple construction materials such as 1/2" gypsum board and 1/4" plywood. Sealing of the doors was entirely unnecessary and attenuation was at least 40 dB. Acton (Ac 67) described simple protective measures for a bank of ultrasonic cleaners. The enclosure was constructed from polyvinyl chloride and Perspex, with stainless steel runners on the outside of the enclosure for the doors. (These materials were used because they were resistant to the corrosive fumes generated during the washing process.) Although the enclosure was far from perfectly sealed, Acton and Carson (Ac 67) were able to achieve attenuation of approximately 10 dB at 20 kHz and 15 dB at 40 kHz with this shielding, enough to eliminate the subjective effects.
  Principes d'utilisation...  
Tableau 2. Niveaux de pression acoustique choisis, en dB, à la position de l'opérateur, pour une exposition à des sources ultrasonores industrielles, dansdes bandes de tiers d'octave
Table 2 Selected SPLs in dB at the Operator's Position in 1/3 Octave Bands from Industrial Ultrasonic Sources
  Dosage de certains comp...  
5.14 Colonne DB-5MS de J&W Scientific, 60 m X 0,32 mm X 1 µm (ou l'équivalent), avec ligne de transfert en silice fondue désactivée, de 1 m X 0,25 mm.
5.14 J&W Scientific 60 m X 0.32 mm X 1 μm DB-5MS column (or equivalent) with 1 m X 0.25 mm deactivated fused silica transfer line.
  Simdut - annexe  
Keith LH, Walters DB, eds., VCH Publishers, Inc., Deerfield Beach, Florida.
Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals
  Détermination de la pré...  
6.3.4 Colonne de chromatographie gazeuse : Colonne capillaire DB-624 (30 m x 0,25 mm x 1,4 µm).
6.3.4 GC column: DB-624 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm x 1.4 祄).
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
2. Dans l'air, la conversion entre le niveau de pression acoustique, NPA, en dB, et l'intensité, I, en W/cm2, est donnée par I2 - 10((NPA-160)/10). Un NPA de 160 dB correspond donc à une intensité de 1 W/cm2.
2 In air, the conversion from SPL in dB to intensity, I, in W/cm2 is given by I =10((SPL-160)/10). Thus, a SPL of 160 dB has an intensity of 1 W/cm2.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
2. Dans l'air, la conversion entre le niveau de pression acoustique, NPA, en dB, et l'intensité, I, en W/cm2, est donnée par I2 - 10((NPA-160)/10). Un NPA de 160 dB correspond donc à une intensité de 1 W/cm2.
2 In air, the conversion from SPL in dB to intensity, I, in W/cm2 is given by I =10((SPL-160)/10). Thus, a SPL of 160 dB has an intensity of 1 W/cm2.
  Détermination de la pré...  
3.3.5 Colonne capillaire (30 m x 0,25 mm x 1,4 µm) DB-624 d'Agilent Technologies.
3.3.5 DB-624 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm x 1.4 祄) from Agilent Technologies.
  Procédure opératoire no...  
DB :
ADR:
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
En résumé, l'exposition à des appareils ultrasonores industriels dépasse rarement 120 dB. L'exposition à des appareils commerciaux conçus pour émettre des ultrasons dépasse rarement 110 dB. Les appareils commerciaux qui émettent accidentellement des ultrasons, tels que les terminaux à écran de visualisation, produisent des niveaux de pression acoustique à l'oreille de l'opérateur inférieurs à 70 dB et très rarement supérieurs à 65 dB.
In summary, exposure to industrial ultrasonic devices rarely exceeds 120 dB. Exposure to commercial devices designed to emit ultrasound rarely exceeds 110 dB. Commercial devices which incidentally emit ultrasound, such as VDTs, yield SPLs at the operator's ear of l es s than 70 dB and only rarely exceed 65 dB.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
En résumé, l'exposition à des appareils ultrasonores industriels dépasse rarement 120 dB. L'exposition à des appareils commerciaux conçus pour émettre des ultrasons dépasse rarement 110 dB. Les appareils commerciaux qui émettent accidentellement des ultrasons, tels que les terminaux à écran de visualisation, produisent des niveaux de pression acoustique à l'oreille de l'opérateur inférieurs à 70 dB et très rarement supérieurs à 65 dB.
In summary, exposure to industrial ultrasonic devices rarely exceeds 120 dB. Exposure to commercial devices designed to emit ultrasound rarely exceeds 110 dB. Commercial devices which incidentally emit ultrasound, such as VDTs, yield SPLs at the operator's ear of l es s than 70 dB and only rarely exceed 65 dB.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
En résumé, l'exposition à des appareils ultrasonores industriels dépasse rarement 120 dB. L'exposition à des appareils commerciaux conçus pour émettre des ultrasons dépasse rarement 110 dB. Les appareils commerciaux qui émettent accidentellement des ultrasons, tels que les terminaux à écran de visualisation, produisent des niveaux de pression acoustique à l'oreille de l'opérateur inférieurs à 70 dB et très rarement supérieurs à 65 dB.
In summary, exposure to industrial ultrasonic devices rarely exceeds 120 dB. Exposure to commercial devices designed to emit ultrasound rarely exceeds 110 dB. Commercial devices which incidentally emit ultrasound, such as VDTs, yield SPLs at the operator's ear of l es s than 70 dB and only rarely exceed 65 dB.
  Page 8 - Étude national...  
Les analyses de confirmation ont été réalisées sur une colonne DB-17 (J&W DB-17 30 m × 0,32 mm di; film de 0,25 µ). Le programme de température du four était le suivant : 35 °C (3 min), 0,5 °C/min jusqu'à 40 °C (1 min), 6 °C/min jusqu'à 100 °C (1 min), 15 °C/min jusqu'à 160 °C (1 min).
The confirmation analyses were conducted on a DB-17 column (J&W DB-17 30 m × 0.32 mm id (0.25 µ film). The oven temperature program was: 35°C (3 min), 0.5°C/min to 40°C (1 min), 6°C/min to 100°C (1 min), 15°C/min to 160°C (1 min). All other GC/ECD settings remained unchanged.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
Tableau 2 Niveaux de pression acoustique choisis, en dB, àla position de l'opérateur pour une exposition à des sources ultrasonores industrielles, dans des bandes de tiers d'octave
Table 2. Selected SPLs in dB at the Operator's Position in 1/3-Octave Bands from Industrial Ultrasonic Sources
  Page 8 - Étude national...  
Les analyses de confirmation ont été réalisées sur une colonne DB-17 (J&W DB-17 30 m × 0,32 mm di; film de 0,25 µ). Le programme de température du four était le suivant : 35 °C (3 min), 0,5 °C/min jusqu'à 40 °C (1 min), 6 °C/min jusqu'à 100 °C (1 min), 15 °C/min jusqu'à 160 °C (1 min).
The confirmation analyses were conducted on a DB-17 column (J&W DB-17 30 m × 0.32 mm id (0.25 µ film). The oven temperature program was: 35°C (3 min), 0.5°C/min to 40°C (1 min), 6°C/min to 100°C (1 min), 15°C/min to 160°C (1 min). All other GC/ECD settings remained unchanged.
  Dosage de certains comp...  
: La colonne DB-5 utilisée dans cette méthode n'est pas la meilleure qui soit pour le dosage de l'acrylonitrile. Elle donne un pic de forme médiocre, ce qui se traduit par une LDM et une LDD beaucoup plus élevées pour cet analyte.
: The DB-5 column used in this method would not be the best choice for analyzing acrylonitrile alone. It gives a poor peak shape and this is reflected in the much higher MDL and LOQ for this analyte. A more polar column would be more suitable for acrylonitrile, but for most purposes, the detection limits are acceptable for the matrices covered by this test method.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
D'après les exemples de seuils de cavitation donnés par Neppiras (Ne 80), les ultrasons transmis dans l'air ne devraient pas donner lieu au phénomène de cavitation lorsque le niveau de pression acoustique est inférieur à environ 190 dB.
The most plausible mechanisms for non-auditory effects of airborne ultrasound on a human are heating and cavitation. The examples of cavitation thresholds given by Neppiras (Ne 80) suggest that airborne ultrasound would not give rise to cavitation except at a sound pressure level (SPL) above approximately 190 dB. This is well above the levels for which heating effects would occur.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
En résumé, l'exposition à des appareils ultrasonores industriels dépasse rarement 120 dB. L'exposition à des appareils commerciaux conçus pour émettre des ultrasons dépasse rarement 110 dB. Les appareils commerciaux qui émettent accidentellement des ultrasons, tels que les terminaux à écran de visualisation, produisent des niveaux de pression acoustique à l'oreille de l'opérateur inférieurs à 70 dB et très rarement supérieurs à 65 dB.
In summary, exposure to industrial ultrasonic devices rarely exceeds 120 dB. Exposure to commercial devices designed to emit ultrasound rarely exceeds 110 dB. Commercial devices which incidentally emit ultrasound, such as VDTs, yield SPLs at the operator's ear of l es s than 70 dB and only rarely exceed 65 dB.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Skillern (Sk 65) a mesuré les spectres de bande de tiers d'octave de 10 à 31,5 kHz pour un certain nombre d'appareils à ultrasons et il a observé que les effets subjectifs étaient associés aux appareils qui produisaient des niveaux de pression acoustique supérieurs à 80 dB dans la gamme de fréquences considérée.
A number of "subjective" effects have been reportedly caused by airborne ultrasound, including fatigue, headache, nausea, tinnitus and disturbance of neuromuscular coordination (Sk 65, Ac 67, Ac 68, Cr 77, FDA 81(b)). Skillern (Sk 65) measured the 1/3-octave band spectra from 10 to 31.5 kHz from a number of ultrasonic devices and found that subjective effects were associated with devices which produced SPLs greater than 80 dB in this frequency range.
  Page 8 - Étude national...  
L'analyse par CG/DCE a été réalisée à l'aide d'un Varian Vista 6000 GC, muni d'un injecteur en tête de colonne et d'une colonne J&W DB-5 30 m × 0,32 mm di (film de 1 µ). La CG a été reliée à un système de commandes chromatographique Vista 402.
GC/ECD analysis was conducted using a Varian Vista 6000 GC with an on-column injector and a J&W DB-5 30 m × 0.32 mm id (1 µ film) column. The GC was interfaced to a Vista 402 chromatography data system. The operating parameters were: oven temperature program; 50°C (3 min), 1.5°C/min to 65°C (1 min), 5°C/min to 120°C, 20°C/min to 180°C (10 min); on-column injector program: 100°C, 140°C/min to 240°C (15 min); detector 290°C. The helium carrier gas was set at 1 mL/min (ambient) with nitrogen make-up gas set at 25 mL/min.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Dobroserdov (Do 677) a observé une perte importante d'équilibre et une réduction du temps de réponse motrice lors d'exposition à des niveaux de pression acoustique de 120 dB à 20 kHz, mais les effets étaient négligeables à 100 dB, à la même fréquence.
Other physiological effects of airborne ultrasound are likely to occur only at SPLs greater than or equal to those which would lead to TTS. Knight (Kn 68) and Grigor'eva (Gr 66) found no evidence for any physiological effects at ultrasonic frequencies. Dobroserdov (Do 67) found significant loss of balance stability and reduced motor response time for exposures to 120 dB at 20 kHz, but the effects were insignificant at 100 dB at the same frequency.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Nous pouvons donc conclure que, à des niveaux de pression acoustique supérieurs à environ 155 dB, l'exposition àdes ultrasons transmis dans l'air provoquera des effets nocifs aigus chez l'être humain, dus principalement àl'absorption de l'énergie sonore et au réchauffement subséquent.
It can be concluded that, at SPLs greater than approximately 155 dB, acute harmful effects will occur in humans exposed to airborne ultrasound, primarily as a result of sound absorption and subsequent heating. It is plausible that chronic lengthy exposures to levels between 145 and 155 dB might also be harmful, as they could raise body temperatures to mild fever levels during the exposure periods. However, as indicated in Section 3 of this guideline, such high sound-pressure levels have never been encountered in either commercial or industrial applications.
  Page 8 - Étude national...  
Les échantillons ayant une concentration en chloroforme excédant la gamme de linéarité du DCE (0,2-50 µg/L) ont de nouveau été analysés après dilution des échantillon en réserve. Les SPD identifiés par CG-DCE ont été confirmés par CG-SM ou par CG-DCE sur une seconde colonne (DB-17).
Samples with a chloroform concentration exceeding the ECD linear range (0.2-50 µg/L) were reanalyzed using an aliquot from a replicate sample. DBPs identified by GC-ECD were confirmed by GC-MS or by GC-ECD analysis on a second GC column (DB-17). Each week during the analytical period, duplicate 30 mL groundwater samples were spiked with a HAA standard mixture of known concentration (6 µL of 80 ng/µL), stored in a refrigerator until the following week and analyzed as described above.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Nous pouvons donc conclure que, à des niveaux de pression acoustique supérieurs à environ 155 dB, l'exposition àdes ultrasons transmis dans l'air provoquera des effets nocifs aigus chez l'être humain, dus principalement àl'absorption de l'énergie sonore et au réchauffement subséquent.
It can be concluded that, at SPLs greater than approximately 155 dB, acute harmful effects will occur in humans exposed to airborne ultrasound, primarily as a result of sound absorption and subsequent heating. It is plausible that chronic lengthy exposures to levels between 145 and 155 dB might also be harmful, as they could raise body temperatures to mild fever levels during the exposure periods. However, as indicated in Section 3 of this guideline, such high sound-pressure levels have never been encountered in either commercial or industrial applications.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
(Al 48). Ce rapport fait état d'expositions à un niveau de pression acoustique de 165 dB. A ce niveau, le réchauffement local dans les fentes entre les doigts a causé des brûlures presque instantanément.
Further information on the ultrasonic heating of humans is found in the incidental human exposures reported in the work of Allen et al., in which an SPL of 165 dB was used (Al 48). Local heating in the crevices between fingers caused burns almost instantly at these levels. Painful heating occurred after several seconds of exposure of broader surfaces such as the palm of the hand. In addition, Acton (Ac 74) has reported on unpublished work by Parrack indicating that mild heating in skin clefts has been observed in the SPL range of 140-150 dB. Other non-auditory effects at these high levels included extremely disagreeable sensations in the nasal passages.
  Page 8 - Étude national...  
L'analyse des AHA par CG/SM a été réalisée par détection d'ions sélectionnés à l'aide d'un appareil Finnigan MAT 90 GC/MS muni d'une colonne DB-1701 30m × 0,32 mmid (film de 0,25 µ), par injection de 3 µL d'extraits (injecteur Varian SPI).
GC/MS analysis for HAAs was carried out by selected ion monitoring using a Finnigan MAT 90 GC/MS fitted with a DB-1701 30m × 0.32 mmid (0.25 µ film) column by injection of 3 µL aliquots (Varian SPI injector). The GC operating parameters were: injector - 100°C increased to 240°C at 100°/min, hold 24 min; oven - 40°C held for 3 min, increased to 140°C at 3.3°/min, then to 180°C at 23°/min. The ions monitored (mass resolution 1000) for each target HAA were: monochloroacetic acid - 49,77,79; dichloroacetic acid - 83,85; trichloroacetic acid - 117,119,121; monobromoacetic acid - 93,95; dibro-moacetic acid - 171,173,175; tribromoacetic acid - 251,253; bromochloroacetic acid - 127,129; bromodichloroacetic acid - 141,161,163; chlorodibromoacetic acid - 207,209. DBP quantification was carried out by using rela ti ve response factors derived from the analysis of fortified water samples.
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Dobroserdov (Do 677) a observé une perte importante d'équilibre et une réduction du temps de réponse motrice lors d'exposition à des niveaux de pression acoustique de 120 dB à 20 kHz, mais les effets étaient négligeables à 100 dB, à la même fréquence.
Other physiological effects of airborne ultrasound are likely to occur only at SPLs greater than or equal to those which would lead to TTS. Knight (Kn 68) and Grigor'eva (Gr 66) found no evidence for any physiological effects at ultrasonic frequencies. Dobroserdov (Do 67) found significant loss of balance stability and reduced motor response time for exposures to 120 dB at 20 kHz, but the effects were insignificant at 100 dB at the same frequency.
  Dosage de l'ammoniac da...  
5.20 Colonne pour CG - capillaire en silice fondue DB-5MS, 30 m x 0,25 mm de d.i. x 0,25 μm ou l'équivalent.
5.20 GC Column - FS-capillary DB-5MS, 30 m X 0.25 mm ID X 0.25 μm or equivalent.
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
Grzesik et Pluta (Gr 80, Gr 83) ont mesuré les niveaux de pression acoustique dans des bandes de tiers d'octave àla position de l'opérateur, produits par des appareils de nettoyage ultrasonores fonctionnant à des fréquences de 25 et 28 kHz ainsi qu'à des fréquences sous-harmoniques de 12,5 et 14 kHz. Les niveaux de pression acoustique aux fréquences fondamentales se situaient entre 100 et 116 dB et les sous-harmoniques avaient des NPA de 80-102 dB.
Grzesik and Pluta (Gr 80, Gr 83) measured 1/3-octave band SPLs at the operator's position from ultrasonic cleaners at 25 and 28 kHz and at the subharmonic frequencies of 12.5 and 14 kHz. The SPLs at the fundamental frequencies were between 100 and 116 dB and the subharmonics had SPLs of 80 -102 dB. For ultrasonic welders, the average frequency was 21 kHz and the highest SPL was 106 dB in the 20 kHz 1/3-octave band. The results obtained over the past 25 years have for the vast majority of cases remained in agreement with Grigor'eva's statement that sound pressure levels from ultrasonic machinery in the ultrasonic frequency range rarely exceed 120 dB (Gr 66).
  Page 5 - Principes d'ut...  
Grzesik et Pluta (Gr 80, Gr 83) ont mesuré les niveaux de pression acoustique dans des bandes de tiers d'octave àla position de l'opérateur, produits par des appareils de nettoyage ultrasonores fonctionnant à des fréquences de 25 et 28 kHz ainsi qu'à des fréquences sous-harmoniques de 12,5 et 14 kHz. Les niveaux de pression acoustique aux fréquences fondamentales se situaient entre 100 et 116 dB et les sous-harmoniques avaient des NPA de 80-102 dB.
Grzesik and Pluta (Gr 80, Gr 83) measured 1/3-octave band SPLs at the operator's position from ultrasonic cleaners at 25 and 28 kHz and at the subharmonic frequencies of 12.5 and 14 kHz. The SPLs at the fundamental frequencies were between 100 and 116 dB and the subharmonics had SPLs of 80 -102 dB. For ultrasonic welders, the average frequency was 21 kHz and the highest SPL was 106 dB in the 20 kHz 1/3-octave band. The results obtained over the past 25 years have for the vast majority of cases remained in agreement with Grigor'eva's statement that sound pressure levels from ultrasonic machinery in the ultrasonic frequency range rarely exceed 120 dB (Gr 66).
  Page 4 - Principes d'ut...  
Une analyse détaillée des données d'Acton et Carson a montré qu'il n'y avait pas d'effets subjectifs si les niveaux de pression acoustique dans les bandes de tiers d'octave étaient inférieurs à 75 dB pour des fréquences centrales inférieures ou égales à 16 kHz et à 110 dB pour des fréquences centrales supérieures ou égales à 20 kHz (Ac 68).
A detailed analysis of Acton and Carson's data indicated that subjective effects were not found if the 1/3-octave band SPLs were less than 75 dB for centre frequencies up to and including 16 kHz and less than 110 dB for centre frequencies greater than or equal to 20 kHz (Ac 68). Acton indicated that this criterion for the occurrence of subjective effects was also consistent with Skillern's data (Sk 65) and suggested it as an exposure criterion. Acton modified the criterion in 1975 (Ac 75). In the revised criterion, the 75 dB limit was extended to include the 1/3-octave band centred on 20 kHz. This was done when more reports of subjective effects were documented by Acton. He found that subjective effects could still occur below 110 dB in the 20 kHz, 1/3-octave band (Ac 75). This was interpreted as being because the nominal frequency limits of the 1/3-octave band centred on 20 kHz are 17.6 kHz and 22.5 kHz. The lower end of this frequency band was within the upper end of the audible frequency range of a significant proportion of the population and therefore subjective effects could occur at relatively low levels.
  Prévention et maintien ...  
Réglez l'audiomètre à une intensité de 25 dB et à une fréquence de 1 000 Hz et dirigez le son vers l'écouteur gauche.
Produce a tone at 50 dB and 1000 Hz, and guide child's hand to place block in box or ring on ring holder.
  Prévention et maintien ...  
Testez ensuite l'oreille droite à 25 dB et aux fréquences de 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 et 6 000 Hz.
Set audiometer at 25 dB and 1000 Hz and present tone in left earphone.
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