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Divers paramètres du réseau de distribution tels que le temps de rétention, la conception et le fonctionnement du réservoir, la présence de conduites en cul-de-sac, la présence de sédiments et la tuberculisation dans les conduits, la présence de biofilms ainsi que l'absence de lumière naturelle ont une incidence sur la nitrification (Skadsen, 1993; Kirmeyer et coll., 1995, 2004; U.S. EPA, 1999; Lytle et coll., 2007; Fleming et coll., 2008; Baribeau, 2010).
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The potential increase of nitrite in the distribution system due to nitrification is significant, as it may exceed 1 mg/L NO2-N. However, when nitrite concentrations increase as a result of nitrification, the primary concern for utilities is that nitrite consumes chlorine and decomposes chloramines, which results in an increase in microbial counts, including an increase in the potential presence of coliform bacteria in the distribution system (Baribeau, 2006; Smith, 2006). Harrington et al. (2002) and the U.S. EPA (2002) noted that increases in nitrite up to 1 mg NO2-N/L due to nitrification could theoretically occur in any system in which the total ammonia concentration entering the distribution system is greater than 1 mg-N/L.
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