chr – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

Spacer TTN Translation Network TTN TTN Login Deutsch Français Spacer Help
Source Languages Target Languages
Keybot 6 Results  www.ertex-solar.at
  Uruk-Megacity - Innovat...  
Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL
Eine der wichtigsten Errungenschaften am Ende des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr. , der bekanntesten Epoche in der Entwicklungsgeschichte Uruks, ist die Erfindung eines Schriftsystems. Anfänglich lediglich aus Tonsymbolen (tokens) und Piktogrammen auf Tontafeln bestehend, die ein Objekt einfach und prägnant darstellten, entwickelte sich hieraus die Keilschrift.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine uruk-megacity.de as primary domain
One of the most significant achievements to occur in the most famous epoch in Uruk’s history, in the late 4th millennium BCE, was the invention of a system of writing. Cuneiform script evolved from clay tokens and pictograms impressed into clay tablets that depicted an object in a simple and concise way. This written form of language made it easier to administer the increasingly complex organization of the city and ultimately led to it being used to record literary texts, scientific discourses, and diplomatic correspondence between various empires of the ancient world. Cuneiform (literally: ‘wedge-shaped’) script derives its name from the condensed characters that were formed by the tip of a reed stylus sharpened to a point at one end and engraved in soft clay which became robust once fired. Thanks to the durable nature of these tablets, hundreds of thousands of inscriptions, literary works, as well as texts dealing with profane topics, certificates, and calculations have been preserved. Having originated in Uruk, cuneiform script spread across the ancient Near East and beyond, and was used for the next 3000 years.
  Uruk-Megacity - Stadtle...  
Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL
So entwickelten sich aus den frühen Beispielen repräsentativer Großarchitektur im Zentrum Uruks rasch eindrucksvolle Tempel und Paläste, darunter als zentrales Element der Tempelarchitektur altorientalischer Städte, die Zikkurrat (Stufenturm). Die Verwendung der Schrift als Verwaltungshilfe legte zugleich den Grundstein für die Anfänge von Wissenschaft im alten Orient.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine uruk-megacity.de as primary domain
The formation of an urban society and the innovations that came with it and which occurred for the first time in Uruk – a regional and supraregional centre – had an enormous impact on the entire Near-Eastern world. Very quickly, impressive temples and palaces sprung up, overshadowing the early grand architectural monuments in Uruk’s centre. A striking feature of these new buildings was their form, the ziggurat or stepped tower, which went on to become a defining element of ancient Near-Eastern temple architecture. The use of writing as an administrative tool also laid the foundations for science and learning in the ancient Near East. Very early on, lexical lists of terms and objects began to emerge – the first of their kind – and these were passed down the generations. Some of these records contain lists of city officials and specialist terms for occupations that provide an insight into a highly stratified society. Other records bear lexical lists of everyday objects, providing an insight into material culture. Particular importance was given very early on to observing the stars as a means to read the future. The ancient Babylonian palace of the ruler Sin-Kashid, built in the 2nd millennium BCE, exemplifies Uruk’s role as part of the ancient Near-Eastern empire. The palace served as both the seat of the ruler and as a commercial and administrative centre. It was here that diplomatic correspondence, legal contracts, surety bonds, and various court documents were set in writing. The site also served as a lively trading centre. Deliveries of raw materials were processed into valuable goods that denoted the owner’s status. The palace was also a place where writers were educated. The writers played a vital role in everyday life, as they compiled the correspondence and contractual agreements on behalf of the largely illiterate population.