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Au Québec, la législation sur cette question paraît avoir été décrétée en premier lieu par l’art. 90 de l’Acte pour amender les actes de judicature du Bas-Canada, 20 Vict. (1857), ch. 44:
Legislation on this matter in Quebec seems to have been first enacted by the Act to amend the Judicature Acts of Lower Canada, (1857) 20 Vict., c. 44:
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Les citoyens, y compris les Indiens, ont un droit d’accès aux chemins publics et aux bas‑côtés, mais ce droit se limite à s’y engager et à en sortir, à y circuler et à s’y déplacer, mais il ne s’étend pas à la chasse.
A public road in Manitoba is occupied Crown land. Citizens, including Indians, have a right of access to public roads and road allowances but such right is limited to ingress and egress, to travel thereon, and to movement thereon but does not extend to hunting thereon. Therefore it is not land to which Indians have a right of access for the purpose of hunting.
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33. Dans toute action dans laquelle l’instance est arrêtée ou est interrompue par le décès d’une des parties, et que le représentant légal de la partie décédée est domicilié dans un district ou circuit du Bas Canada, autre que celui où l’action originaire était pendante, il pourra émaner de la cour dans le district ou circuit dans lequel telle action est pendante, un bref d’assignation,
33. In any action wherein the instance stands or is interrupted by the decease of any of the parties thereto, and the legal representative of any party deceased is domiciliated in any district or circuit in Lower Canada, other than that wherein the original suit was pending, there may issue from the Court in the district or circuit in which such suit is pending, a Writ of summons
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Dans les circonstances, le juge de première instance a eu raison de décider qu’il était à l’avantage des enfants et dans leur intérêt d’être confiés à la garde de leur père dans la maison où ils ont été élevés et où ils pourraient le mieux être surveillés par celui-ci et sa mère. Puisque les enfants n’étaient pas en bas âge on ne pouvait appliquer le principe de bon sens voulant que des enfants en bas âge restent avec leur mère.
of custody. Under all the circumstances the trial judge rightly found that it was to the advantage and welfare of the children that they should be in the custody of their father in the home in which they had been brought up and where they could be most adequately supervised by the father and the mother. As the children were not of tender age the principle of common sense that children of tender age should be with their mother was not applicable.
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Responsabilité délictuelle -- Causalité -- Enfant blessé par une machine agricole -- Action en dommages contre fabricant -- Rupture du lien de causalité entre les faits et gestes reprochés au fabricant et l'accident subi par l'enfant -- Action rejetée -- Code civil du Bas‑Canada, art. 1053.
Torts -- Causation -- Child injured by farm equipment -- Action for damages against manufacturer -- Causal link broken between acts allegedly committed by manufacturer and accident involving child -- Action dismissed -- Civil Code of Lower Canada, art. 1053.
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Le juge McIntyre‑‑Ce pourvoi vise à déterminer si l'appelant, un entrepreneur qui a présenté une soumission dont la teneur était expressément irrévocable pendant un délai fixé ou jusqu'à l'acceptation d'une autre soumission, a le droit de refuser d'exécuter le contrat résultant de son acceptation à cause d'une erreur de bonne foi dans la préparation de la soumission qui a entraîné un prix plus bas que voulu.
1.                       McIntyre J.‑‑This appeal raises the question of whether the appellant, a general contractor who made a tender, expressly agreed to be irrevocable for a stated period or until the acceptance of another tender, was entitled to refuse performance of the contract resulting from its acceptance because of honest error in its preparation resulting in a lower price than intended. In accordance with the tendering procedure, tenders were opened and the tender of the appellant was accepted.
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Il est vrai que l’approbation du plan de lotissement pourrait augmenter le prix d’achat pour la ville, mais il y a loin de là à justifier au nom de l’intérêt public, une décision uniquement fondée sur le désir de maintenir au plus bas possible la valeur des terrains et, selon moi, de la réduire au profit des contribuables en général mais au détriment du contribuable dont les terrains sont en cause.
It is true that the approving of the plan of subdivision might result in a higher cost of acquisition to the city but that is far from saying that it is a proper finding of public interest to make a decision based solely on the desire to hold down and, in my view, to reduce the value of lands to the benefit of taxpayers generally but to the detriment of the particular taxpayer whose lands were being considered.
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D. T. a témoigné que les actes en cause se sont produits au pupitre de l'instituteur quand l'élève y allait pour obtenir de l'aide dans ses travaux. Il a affirmé que l'intimé lui a touché au pénis du revers de la main en frottant de haut en bas.
D. T. testified that the acts in question occurred at the teacher's desk when he went up to get help with his work.  He testified that the respondent had rubbed the back of his hand up and down on his (D. T.'s) penis.  He said that the rubbing had occurred on more than one occasion.
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15(6) dans le contexte de tout l’article et en fonction de l’objet de la Loi qui, comme le concède l’intimée, est [TRADUCTION] «de prévoir le placement d’un enfant en bas âge de la manière la plus expéditive et la plus équitable possible».
With respect, it is my opinion that it is erroneous to interpret subs. 15(6) of the Act as granting an absolute right to a woman who has agreed to surrender all her rights with respect to her child to have an opportunity to reconsider her decision and to withdraw the surrender. Subsection 15(6) has to be considered in the context of the section as a whole and in the light of the intention of the Act which, as the respondent concedes, was “to provide for placement of an infant child in as expeditious and equitable manner as possible”.
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Passons maintenant à l’argument subsidiaire de l’intimé, fondé sur la conclusion du juge O’Sullivan que [TRADUCTION] «pendant la saison de la chasse, les non-Indiens sont autorisés à chasser sur les bas-côtés des chemins publics lorsqu’il est possible de le faire sans danger pour le public».
I turn then to respondent’s alternative submission, based upon Mr. Justice O’Sullivan’s finding that “during hunting season, non-Indians are permitted to hunt on public road allowances where the activity can be carried on without danger to the public”. On this issue, the appellant says only that the Court of Appeal was wrong in finding a general right of access to roads, for purposes of hunting. There is nothing in the record which
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Cette disposition a été conservée sans autre modification que des changements de phraséologie. Lors de l’arrêt Brown c. Lowry elle était devenue l’art. 151 du chapitre 83 des Statuts refondus du Bas-Canada. On la retrouve ensuite à l’art. 479 du Code de procédure de 1867.
This provision has been preserved without any other change than of phraseology. At the time the Brown v. Lowry judgment was handed down it had become s. 151 of c. 83 of the Revised Statutes of Lower Canada. It was art. 479 in the 1867 Code of Procedure and art. 554 in the 1897 Code of Procedure. It still is, in substance, art. 480 of the present Code. Because the first judgment dealt with an inscription in review, it is to be noted that the right to inscribe in review was, at that time, given in the same terms as the right to inscribe in appeal to the Court of Queen’s Bench (27-28 Vict., c. 39, s. 20, subsequently art. 494 of the 1867 Code of Procedure).
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Pour la première fois il a commencé à faire des épisodes épileptiques et essayé de s’échapper de son lit ce qui motiva l’ordre du médecin d’installer des côtés de lit. Comme il se plaignait de douleurs à la cuisse, une radiographie fut prise et révéla une fracture de la hanche droite résultant probablement d’une chute en bas du lit.
Respondent, after being hospitalized initially in appellant institution suffering from rupture of a cerebral aneurism in the right hemisphere, was re-admitted for observation and examination because his condition had worsened. He then for the first time began to have epileptic seizures and attempted to leave his bed, which prompted his doctor to order that sides be installed. Because he complained of pain in his thigh, an X-ray was taken and it indicated a fracture of the right hip resulting probably from a fall from his bed. The judgment of the Superior Court dismissing respondent’s action was reversed by the Court of Appeal, with a dissent. Hence the appeal to this Court.
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Est-il si excessivement bas qu’il ne peut être retenu ou le juge de première instance a-t-il oublié de tenir compte de certains éléments pertinents en fixant l’indemnité (voir Proctor c. Dyck[2], p. 251)?
The amount awarded is substantial but it is urged was not sufficient in the circumstances. Is it so inordinately low that it cannot stand or did the trial judge overlook some revelant elements in making his award (see Proctor v. Dyck[2], at p. 251)? It is true that since 1949 appellant has spent some 7 years in prison and he had another year to serve when he was injured. The care which this man requires will cost a substantial amount each week. There was no evidence adduced on the point but the Court can take notice of the fact that such care as this man requires and will require for the rest of his life costs considerable. Notwithstanding that he has been sentenced to prison on several occasions, he did work from time to time and he will sustain some loss
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Le plus jeune est donc âgé de presque onze ans aujourd’hui. Ce ne sont pas des enfants en bas âge et on ne peut tout simplement pas appliquer ici le principe de bon sens souvent énoncé voulant que des enfants en bas âge restent avec leur mère.
The learned trial judge was also appreciative of the fact that the infant children in this case were all boys born, respectively, in November 1960, January 1963 and November 1964. The youngest, therefore, is now almost eleven years old. They are not children of tender age and the principle of common sense often expressed that such children of tender age should be with their mother is simply not applicable. The learned trial judge in his reasons noted that the wishes of the children had been consulted and that these boys had expressed a preference to stay with their mother. The learned trial judge astutely observed that, in fact, the children had been with their mother for about a year previous to the trial. It would be only natural that a parent who had custody of his or her children for that period of time would see to it that those children expressed a preference to have such a situation continue. The learned trial judge found
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La plate-forme sans garde-fou, la paille ou le foin épars sur la plate-forme et sur la pile de bottes au-dessous de la fenêtre, le fait que l’extérieur de la pile de bottes descendait en pente jusqu’au plancher de béton, 15 pieds plus bas, tout cela montre que l’endroit pouvait être dangereux et que MacIvor aurait dû s’en apercevoir lorsqu’il y a posté l’appelant pour que celui-ci attrape et lance les lourdes bottes qui tombaient du convoyeur.
It is unfortunate that exhibit 3 (2nd Series) shown at p. 130 of the Appeal Case cannot be reproduced here. It portrays the scene in a manner that leaves me in no doubt at all as to the position of peril in which the appellant was required to work. The unguarded platform, the loose hay or straw on the platform and on the pile of bales beneath the window, the fact that the bales sloped outwards towards the void 15 feet above the concrete floor all depict a scene of potential danger that must have been obvious to MacIvor when he placed appellant there to catch and deflect the heavy bales as they fell from the conveyor. The whole situation amounts to a condition far below the standard of care required of the penitentiary authorities in the circumstances.
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Au contraire, la conclusion du premier juge c’est que vraisemblablement, c’est le patient lui-même qui s’est causé la fracture en se jetant en bas de son lit et la Cour d’appel n’a pas différé d’opinion à ce sujet.
In the case at bar, there is no evidence that the author of the fact which caused the damage was an employee of the hospital. On the contrary, it was found by the trial judge that the patient himself probably caused the fracture by throwing himself out of his bed, and the Court of Appeal did not differ on this point. It seems clear that the accident occurred in the course of an epileptic seizure suffered by the patient, which so far as is known was happening for the first time. The doctors had not foreseen such a thing, and they are not charged with professional negligence.
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Dans les circonstances, le juge de première instance a eu raison de décider qu’il était à l’avantage des enfants et dans leur intérêt d’être confiés à la garde de leur père dans la maison où ils ont été élevés et où ils pourraient le mieux être surveillés par celui-ci et sa mère. Puisque les enfants n’étaient pas en bas âge on ne pouvait appliquer le principe de bon sens voulant que des enfants en bas âge restent avec leur mère.
of custody. Under all the circumstances the trial judge rightly found that it was to the advantage and welfare of the children that they should be in the custody of their father in the home in which they had been brought up and where they could be most adequately supervised by the father and the mother. As the children were not of tender age the principle of common sense that children of tender age should be with their mother was not applicable.
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[TRADUCTION] La chasse a eu lieu sur le bas-côté d’un chemin public qui est une terre occupée de la Couronne. Les juges d’instance inférieure ont jugé que tant les Indians que les autres ont un droit d’accès aux chemins publics et aux bas-côtés, mais que ce droit est limité et ne s’étend pas à la chasse.
The hunting took place on a public road allowance which is occupied Crown land. The learned judges below held that Indians in common with others have a right of access to public roads and road allowances but that such right is limited and does not extend to hunting.
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Il faut considérer le par. 15(6) dans le contexte de tout l’article et en fonction de l’objet de la Loi qui est «de prévoir le placement d’un enfant en bas âge de la manière la plus expéditive et la plus équitable possible».
Respondent was not entitled to the return of her child. Subsection 15(6) had to be considered in the context of the section as a whole and in light of the intention of the Act—“to provide for the placement of an infant child in as expeditious and equitable manner as possible”. The subsection did not grant an absolute right to a woman who agreed to surrender all her rights with respect to
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Excepté les personnes qui peuvent légalement pratiquer la médecine dans le Bas Canada, nul ne pourra, sous aucuns prétextes, vendre ou distribuer des médecines en détail…
Except such persons as may lawfully practise physic in Lower Canada, no person whatsoever shall, on any pretence, sell or distribute medicines by retail…
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3.  Il est admis que la loi applicable au Québec à l'époque de la Confédération est le chapitre 15 des Statuts Refondus du Bas Canada de 1861 . . .
3. It was common ground that the relevant law in force in Quebec at Confederation was Chapter 15 of the Consolidated Statutes of Lower Canada of 1861 . . . .
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Q. Vous étiez en bas pour photographier?
Q. You were on the ground to take photographs?
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mal interprété quelque aspect de la preuve, ou que le montant accordé soit trop élevé ou trop bas de sorte qu’il n’y a pas de rapport raisonnable avec les dommages subis; (aux pp. 383, 384).
feature of the evidence, or that it is so much too high or too low as to bear no reasonable proportion to the loss suffered (at pp. 383, 384).
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20 Code civil du Bas Canada
20 Civil Code of Lower Canada
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Code civil du Bas Canada, art. 19.
Civil Code of Lower Canada, art. 19.
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Plus bas à la même page:
and later on the same page:
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27. L’étranger, quoique non résidant dans le Bas Canada, peut y être poursuivi pour l’exécution des obligations qu’il a contractées même en pays étranger.
27. Aliens, although not resident in Lower Canada, may be sued in its courts for the fulfilment of obligations contracted by them in foreign countries.
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Code civil du Bas Canada, art. 1078.1.
Automobile Insurance Act, R.S.Q., c. A-25, s. 1(7)(b) “spouses”.
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Code civil du Bas‑Canada, art. 1110, 1053, 2224, 2231, 2262(2).
Civil Code of Lower Canada, arts. 1110, 1053, 2224, 2231, 2262(2).
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50 des Statuts du Canada de 1956 modifiait l’art. 29(2) d’une façon importante et cet article cité plus bas se retrouve dans les mêmes termes et porte le même numéro dans la revision de 1970. Il se lit comme suit:
In 1956, by Statutes of Canada 1956, c. 50, an important amendment was added to the statute numbered 29(2) and that statute which reads as follows appears in the same form as the same number in the 1970 revision. It reads:
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