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Ðmisconduct€on€the€part€of€a€public€official.€€Deliberate€misconduct,€on€this€view,€consistsÐ Ô)D"+ Ðof:€(i)€an€intentional€illegal€act;€and€(ii)€an€intent€to€harm€an€individual€or€class€ofÐ l+Ü#- Ðindividuals.€€See€also€ò òUni„Jet€Industrial€Pipe€Ltd.€v.€Canada€(Attorney€General)ó ó€(2001),Ð -t%/ Ð156€Man.€R.€(2d)€14,€2001€MBCA€40,€in€which€Kroft€J.A.€adopted€the€same€test.€€Inò òÐ œ. '1 ÐPowder€Mountain€Resortsó ó,€ò òsupraó ó,€Newbury€J.A.€described€the€tort€in€similar€terms,€ò òó óatÐ 40¤(3 Ðpara.€7:Ý ƒ % ÑýÀê Ûê ÝŒÐ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 « à.€.€.€it€may,€I€think,€now€be€accepted€that€the€tort€of€abuse€of€public€officeÐ À 0 Ðwill€be€made€out€in€Canada€where€a€public€official€is€shown€either€to€haveÐ Œ ü Ðexercised€power€for€the€specific€purpose€of€injuring€the€plaintiff€(i.e.,€toÐ X È Ðhave€acted€in€ð ðbad€faith€in€the€sense€of€the€exercise€of€public€power€for€anÐ $ ” Ðimproper€or€ulterior€motiveð ð)€or€to€have€acted€ð ðunlawfully€with€a€mind€ofÐ ð ` Ðreckless€indifference€to€the€illegality€of€his€actð ð€and€to€the€probability€ofÐ ¼ , Ðinjury€to€the€plaintiff.€€(See€Lord€Steyn€in€ò òThree€Riversó ó,€at€[1231].)€€ThusÐ ˆ ø Ðthere€remains€what€in€theory€at€least€is€a€clear€line€between€this€tort€on€theÐ T Ä Ðone€hand,€and€what€on€the€other€hand€may€be€called€negligent€excess€ofÐ Ðpower€ð" ð€i.e.,€an€act€committed€without€knowledge€of€(or€ò òsubjectiveó óÐ ì \ Ðrecklessness€as€to)€its€unlawfulness€and€the€probable€consequences€for€theÐ ¸ ( Ðplaintiff.€[Emphasis€in€original.]Ó kï ÓÐ „ ô « Ð « Ð ÐÌUnder€this€view,€the€ambit€of€the€tort€is€limited€not€by€the€requirement€that€the€defendantÐ ´ $ Ðmust€have€been€engaged€in€a€particular€type€of€unlawful€conduct,€but€by€the€requirementÐ L ¼ Ðthat€the€unlawful€conduct€must€have€been€deliberate€and€the€defendant€must€have€beenÐ ä T Ðaware€that€the€unlawful€conduct€was€likely€to€harm€the€plaintiff.Ð | ì ÐÌÝ ‚ % Ñýÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % Ñý±õ Ýà „ àÚ ƒ z Ú26Ú ÚÛ € z Ûà Ü àÝ Ýà « àAs€is€often€the€case,€there€are€a€number€of€phrases€that€might€be€used€toÐ ¬ Ðdescribe€the€essence€of€the€tort.€€In€ò òGarrettó ó,€ò òsupraó ó,€Blanchard€J.€stated,€at€p.€350,€thatÐ D ´ Ðð ð[t]he€purpose€behind€the€imposition€of€this€form€of€tortious€liability€is€to€prevent€theÐ Ü!L ! Ðdeliberate€injuring€of€members€of€the€public€by€deliberate€disregard€of€official€duty.ð ð€€InÐ t#ä # Ðò òThree€Riversó ó,€ò òsupraó ó,€Lord€Steyn€stated,€at€p.€1230,€that€ð ð[t]he€rationale€of€the€tort€is€thatÐ %| % Ðin€a€legal€system€based€on€the€rule€of€law€executive€or€admi
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Ðvraisemblablement€ainsi€le€demandeurð ð.Ð Ô)D"+ ÐÌÝ ‚ % Ñýÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % Ñýˆí Ýà „ àÚ ƒ z Ú21Ú ÚÛ € z Ûà Ü àÝ Ýà œ àLa€Chambre€des€lords€est€arriv e€ €la€m me€conclusion€dans€ò òThree€RiversÐ -t%/ ÐDistrict€Council€c.€Bank€of€England€(No.€3)ó ó,€[2000]€2€W.L.R.€1220.€€Dans€cet€arr t,€lesÐ œ. '1 Ðdemandeurs€ont€pr tendu€que€les€agents€de€la€Banque€dð ðAngleterre€avaientÐ 40¤(3 Ðirr guli rement€d livr €un€permis€ €la€Bank€of€Credit€and€Commerce€International€etÐ Ðavaient€ensuite€omis€de€proc der€ €sa€fermeture€alors€quð ðil€ tait€devenu€ vident€quð ðuneÐ ( ˜ Ðtelle€mesure€sð ðimposait.€€Tenue€de€se€prononcer€sur€la€question€de€savoir€si€le€d litÐ À 0 Ðpouvait€nað3 ðtre€dð ðune€omission,€la€Chambre€des€lords€a€statu €que€[ò òtraductionó ó]€ð ðleÐ X È Ðd lit€peut€r sulter€tant€de€lð ðomission€dð ðun€fonctionnaire€public€que€des€gestes€quð ðilÐ ð ` Ðposeð ð€(lord€Hutton,€p.1267).€€Il€est€ galement€bien€ tabli€en€Australie,€enÐ ˆ ø ÐNouvelle-Z lande€et€au€Royaume-Uni€que€le€d lit€dð ðabus€dð ðautorit €ne€se€limite€pas€ Ð Ðlð ðexercice€ill gitime€dð ðun€pouvoir€r ellement€conf r €par€la€loi€ou€une€pr rogative.Ý ƒ % Ñýˆí £í ݌Р¸ ( ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % Ñýÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % ÑýÞò Ýà „ àÚ ƒ z Ú22Ú ÚÛ € z Ûà Ü àÝ Ýà œ àQuels€sont€alors€les€ l ments€essentiels€du€d lit€ð" ð€du€moins€dans€laÐ è X Ðmesure€o €il€est€n cessaire€de€d finir€les€questions€que€soul vent€les€actes€de€proc dureÐ € ð Ðdans€le€pr sent€pourvoi?€€Dans€lð ðarr t€ò òThree€Riversó ó,€la€Chambre€des€lords€a€statu €quð ðilÐ ˆ Ðy€avait€deux€fa ons€ð" ð€que€je€regrouperai€sous€les€cat goriesA€et€B€ð" ð€de€commettreÐ ° Ðle€d lit€de€faute€dans€lð ðexercice€dð ðune€charge€publique.€€On€retrouve€dans€laÐ H ¸ Ðcat gorieA€la€conduite€qui€vise€pr cis ment€ €causer€pr judice€ €une€personne€ou€ Ð à P Ðune€cat gorie€de€personnes.€La€cat gorieB€met€en€cause€le€fonctionnaire€public€quiÐ x è Ðagit€en€sachant€quð ðil€nð ðest€pas€habilit € €ex cuter€lð ðacte€quð ðon€lui€reproche€et€que€cetÐ !€ Ðacte€causera€vraisemblablement€pr judice€au€demandeur.€€Bon€nombre€de€tribunauxÐ ¨" " Ðcanadiens€ont€souscrit€ €cette€interpr tation€du€d lit:€voir€par€exemple€ò òPowderÐ @$° $ ÐMountain€Resortsó ó,ò ò€ó ópr cit ;€ò òAlberta€(Minister€of€Public€Works,€Supply€and€Services)Ð Ø%H & Ðó ó(C.A.),€pr cit ;ò ò€ó óet€ò òGranite€Power€Corp.c.€Ontarioó ó,€[2002]€O.J.€No.2188€(QL)€(C.S.J.).€Ð p'à ( ÐIl€importe€cependant€de€garder€ €lð ðesprit€que€ces€deux€cat gories€ne€repr sentent€queÐ )x!* Ðdeux€fa ons€diff rentes€pour€le€fonctionnaire€public
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