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Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Le Juge en Chef‑‑Dans les circonstances de cette affaire, nous sommes tous d'avis que les intérêts de la justice seront mieux servis si un nouveau procès est ordonné.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	The Chief Justice‑‑Under the particular circumstances of this case, we are all of the view that the interests of justice will best be served by the ordering of a new trial.

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Le principe général qui justifie la protection de ces communications est respecté. Les intérêts de la cliente maintenant décédée sont servis, en ce sens que l'admission du témoignage a précisément pour but d'établir ses intentions véritables.

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In my view, the considerations which support the admissibility of communications between solicitor and client in the wills context apply with equal force to the present case.  The general policy which supports privileging such communications is not violated.  The interests of the now deceased client are furthered in the sense that the purpose of allowing the evidence to be admitted is precisely to ascertain what her true intentions were.  And the principle of extending the privilege to the heirs or successors in title of the deceased is promoted by focusing the inquiry on who those heirs or successors properly are.  In summary, it is, in the words of Anderson Surr. Ct. J. in Re Ott, supra, "[i]n the interests of justice" to admit such evidence.

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Compte tenu de son enquête et de l'aide reçue des spécialistes qu'il a consultés pour le compte de Christopher, Me Day expose à la Cour que les intérêts de l'enfant avaient été le mieux servis quand il se trouvait chez les appelants et que ses intérêts auraient probablement été mieux servis s'il y était resté.

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Mr. Day's submissions to the Court, based on his investigations and the assistance he received from the professionals he retained on Christopher's behalf, are that Christopher's best interests were being served when he was a member of the appellants' family and would likely have continued to be served by his being left there. However, given that he was removed from their care by the Director, the Court must decide whether his best interests would now be served by leaving him where he is, i.e. with the interveners, or by returning him to the appellants. This in turn would depend, counsel submitted, on whether the quality of care he would receive from the appellants would outweigh any prejudice to him arising from yet another move.

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C’est en réponse à cette lettre de la ville et à la lumière des termes fort provocants et préjudiciables dont les appelants se sont servis pour critiquer la procédure adoptée par les intimés que Kohler écrivit en son nom et en celui de son associé, l’intimé Craig, la lettre contenant le libelle allégué.

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It was in reply to this letter from the city and in light of the highly provocative and damaging language used by the appellants in criticism of the procedure for which the respondents were responsible that Kohler wrote the letter on behalf of himself and his partner, the respondent Craig, which contained the alleged libel. The letter is reproduced in full in the reasons for judgment of Schroeder J.A., in 14 D.L.R. (3d) at p. 398, and the following language contained in that letter constitutes the alleged libel complained of in the statement of claim.

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C'est là la formulation, dite du «plus grand bien», du moyen de défense fondé sur la nécessité:  dans certaines circonstances, prétend‑on, les valeurs sociales et le droit criminel lui‑même sont mieux servis par l'inobservation d'une loi donnée que par son observation.

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As a justification [the defence of necessity] can be related to Blackstone's concept of a "choice of evils".  It would exculpate actors whose conduct could reasonably have been viewed as "necessary" in order to prevent a greater evil than that resulting from the violation of the law.  As articulated, especially in some of the American cases, it involves a utilitarian balancing of the benefits of obeying the law as opposed to disobeying it, and when the balance is clearly in favour of disobeying, exculpates an actor who contravenes a criminal statute.  This is the "greater good" formulation of the necessity defence: in some circumstances, it is alleged, the values of society, indeed of the criminal law itself, are better promoted by disobeying a given statute than by observing it.

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74 En définitive, après avoir soupesé ces arguments, je suis d'avis que ce n'est pas en reconnaissant, dans les procès criminels, un privilège générique pour les dossiers privés relatifs aux plaignantes victimes d'agression sexuelle que les intérêts de la justice seront le mieux servis.

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74                    In the end, balancing those arguments, I am of the view that recognizing a class privilege in criminal trials for private records relating to sexual assault complainants is not the best way to serve the interests of justice.  As argued by the appellants and the interveners, there are strong public policy considerations which may favour non-production of private records relating to sexual assault complainants in criminal trials, but on balance, I conclude that class privilege is not the avenue which should govern the extent of production of private records held by third parties in criminal trials.

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Évidemment, la partie qui choisit de demander une autorisation de pourvoi contre une conclusion à la constitutionnalité sera celle dont les intérêts ne sont pas servis par la conclusion tirée en la matière par la cour d'appel.

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14               Accordingly, where the highest court of final resort of a province has made a ruling on the constitutionality of a Criminal Code provision, either party may seek leave to appeal that ruling to this Court, regardless of whether a finding of culpability accompanied the ruling and, if there was an accompanying finding of culpability, regardless of whether that finding is appealable as of right or on granting of leave.  Of course, the party choosing to seek leave to appeal a ruling of constitutionality will be the party whose interests are not served by the ruling on constitutionality below.  Nonetheless, this dual proceedings approach insures that leave can always be sought to appeal rulings on constitutionality whether or not the party seeking leave "won" or "lost" in the ruling on culpability in the court below.

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Si l'on présume, sans pour autant en décider, qu'il y a eu une erreur, nous sommes néanmoins d'avis que, vu que les droits et pouvoirs des gardes forestiers étaient incertains à ce moment‑là, question que la Cour d'appel n'a pas examinée, et également que plus de cinq ans se sont écoulés depuis les événements qui ont donné lieu à l'accusation, les intérêts de la justice seront mieux servis si le pourvoi est accueilli et les acquittements rétablis.

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1.                       The Court‑‑There were acquittals at trial on the principal offence of discharging a firearm with intent to avoid arrest. The acquittals were overturned on appeal and a new trial ordered: (1985), 62 N.B.R. (2d) 91, 161 A.P.R. 91. The Court of Appeal found error in the directions, relating to included offences, which were given to the jury by the trial judge. Assuming without deciding that such error existed, we are nevertheless of the view that in light of the uncertainty concerning the rights and powers of the Forest Service officers at the time ‑ a matter which was not canvassed in the Court of Appeal ‑ and in light also of the fact that a period in excess of five years has elapsed since the events giving rise to the charge occurred, the interests of justice will be best served by allowing the appeal and restoring the acquittals.

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Compte tenu de son enquête et de l'aide reçue des spécialistes qu'il a consultés pour le compte de Christopher, Me Day expose à la Cour que les intérêts de l'enfant avaient été le mieux servis quand il se trouvait chez les appelants et que ses intérêts auraient probablement été mieux servis s'il y était resté.

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Mr. Day's submissions to the Court, based on his investigations and the assistance he received from the professionals he retained on Christopher's behalf, are that Christopher's best interests were being served when he was a member of the appellants' family and would likely have continued to be served by his being left there. However, given that he was removed from their care by the Director, the Court must decide whether his best interests would now be served by leaving him where he is, i.e. with the interveners, or by returning him to the appellants. This in turn would depend, counsel submitted, on whether the quality of care he would receive from the appellants would outweigh any prejudice to him arising from yet another move.

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Il se peut que les intérêts d'une jeune nation en voie de développement soient mieux servis en réduisant les obstacles à la croissance industrielle et à l'expansion économique, mais au sein d'une nation plus développée et populeuse, ce laisser‑aller doit céder le pas à l'intérêt légitime qu'entretient la société à l'égard d'autres préoccupations fondamentales telles que la sécurité et le bien‑être des enfants.

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The McKay case was decided over seventy years ago, when Canada was, to quote Sedgewick J. in that case, "a young and only partially developed territory". Davies J. in the same case expressed concern that railway development not be impeded. The past seventy years have wrought many changes within Canada and today one might perhaps be inclined to question the relevance and validity of a rule of law which limits the common law duty of care of a railway to the special case or the exceptional case, particularly if those words are to receive a strict or narrow construction. It may well be that the interests of a young and undeveloped nation are best served by a minimum of impediment to industrial growth and economic expansion but in a more developed and populous nation this attitude of laissez faire may have to yield to accommodate the legitimate concern of society for other vital interests such as the safety and welfare of children.

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Ni le système du jury ni l'intégrité de la justice criminelle ne sont bien servis par la perpétration de fictions. Le débat actuel dans les tribunaux et les journaux spécialisés sur la question de savoir si l'erreur doit être fondée, est important sur le plan conceptuel pour l'évolution harmonieuse du droit criminel, mais, à mon avis, c'est sans importance pratique, parce qu'il est peu probable que le jury croie l'accusé qui déclare être dans l'erreur à moins que celle‑ci ne soit, aux yeux du jury, fondée sur des motifs raisonnables.

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Perpetuation of fictions does little for the jury system or the integrity of criminal justice. The ongoing debate in the courts and learned journals as to whether mistake must be reasonable is conceptually important in the orderly development of the criminal law, but in my view, practically unimportant because the accused's statement that he was mistaken is not likely to be believed unless the mistake is, to the jury, reasonable. The jury will be concerned to consider the reasonableness of any grounds found, or asserted to be available, to support the defence of mistake. Although "reasonable grounds" is not a precondition to the availability of a plea of honest belief in consent, those grounds determine the weight to be given the defence. The reasonableness, or otherwise, of the accused's belief is only evidence for, or against, the view that the belief was actually held and the intent was, therefore, lacking.

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Mais si, pour juger de ces opinions, on essaie de trouver comment les témoins ont pesé chacun des critères dont ils ont dit s’être servis pour en arriver à un chiffre définitif, ou pourquoi ils ont écarté certains facteurs qu’ils considéraient sans importance dans la détermination de l’indemnité, on ne retrouve pas lesdits renseignements pour plusieurs de ces critères et on constate que les motifs qui ont fait écarter certains autres critères semblent manquer de poids.

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In the case of each of these witnesses, after saying that he has considered certain matters (which are, generally speaking, proper matters to consider), the witness says that he has reached a certain conclusion as to market value of the subject property at the time of the expropriation. But when, for the purpose of assessing what weight, if any, to give to one of these opinions, one attempts to ascertain how the witness has allowed various factors mentioned by him to enter into the production of his ultimate conclusion, or why he had discarded certain of them as being of no importance in reaching a valid conclusion, one is faced with a lack of any such information in respect of many factors and, in respect of others, reasons for disregarding them that seem to lack validity. It follows that I must reach my own conclusion making the best use I can of the information and ideas that the witnesses and counsel have made available to me.

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Ni le système du jury ni l'intégrité de la justice criminelle ne sont bien servis par la perpétuation de fictions. Le débat actuel dans les tribunaux et les journaux spécialisés sur la question de savoir si l'erreur doit être fondée, est important sur le plan conceptuel pour l'évolution harmonieuse du droit criminel, mais, à mon avis, c'est sans importance pratique, parce qu'il est peu probable que le jury croie l'accusé qui déclare être dans l'erreur à moins que celle‑ci ne soit, aux yeux du jury, fondée sur des motifs raisonnables.

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Perpetuation of fictions does little for the jury system or the integrity of criminal justice. The ongoing debate in the courts and learned journals as to whether mistake must be reasonable is conceptually important in the orderly development of the criminal law, but in my view, practically unimportant because the accused's statement that he was mistaken is not likely to be believed unless the mistake is, to the jury, reasonable. The jury will be concerned to consider the reasonableness of any grounds found, or asserted to be available, to support the defence of mistake. Although "reasonable grounds" is not a precondition to the availability of a plea of honest belief in consent, those grounds determine the weight to be given the defence. The reasonableness, or otherwise, of the accused's belief is only evidence for, or against, the view that the belief was actually held and the intent was, therefore, lacking.

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24 Le Code of Professional Conduct de la Law Society of Alberta prévoit que [traduction] « [d]ans chaque affaire, le jugement d’un avocat et sa fidélité aux intérêts de son client doivent être à l’abri de toute influence compromettante » (ch. 6, Statement of Principle, p. 50). Les faits en l’espèce illustrent plusieurs objectifs importants servis par ce principe.

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24 The Law Society of Alberta’s Code of Professional Conduct provides that “[i]n each matter, a lawyer’s judgment and fidelity to the client’s interests must be free from compromising influences” (c. 6, Statement of Principle, p. 50).  The facts of this case illustrate a number of important objectives served by this principle.  Loyalty required the Venkatraman law firm to focus on the interest of the appellant without being distracted by other interests including personal interests.  Part of the problem here seems to have been Lazin’s determination to hang onto a piece of litigation.  When Lazin was asked about “the ethical issue” in acting for Lambert, he said maybe “it was a question of not wanting to give up the file”.  Loyalty includes putting the client’s business ahead of the lawyer’s business.  The appellant was entitled to a level of commitment from his lawyer that whatever could properly be done on his behalf would be done as surely as it would have been done if the appellant had had the skills and training to do the job personally.  On learning that his own lawyer had put before the divorce court evidence of his further wrongdoing, the appellant understandably felt betrayed.  Equally, the public in Edmonton, where the prosecution of the appellant had attracted considerable notoriety, required assurance that the truth had been ascertained by an adversarial system that functioned clearly and without hidden agendas.

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Au point où ce sentier atteignait la clôture, la clôture avait été arrachée d’un poteau et avait été enfoncée vers le bas jusqu’à 10 pouces du sol. La preuve révélait que la clôture était dans cette condition depuis un certain temps et que des gens s’étaient servis de la brèche pour prendre un raccourci à travers la voie ferrée.

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Before considering the reasons delivered in that case it is necessary to give attention to its facts. The plaintiff was a six-year-old boy. He had been playing with his two older brothers in a field which was National Trust property, which was freely open to the public. Adjoining this property was the defendant’s electrified railway line. Beyond that was another National Trust property. Through the field in which the boy was playing ran a path which led to the railway line. Shortly before reaching the line the path came to a four-foot-high chain link fence, which bordered the track. The path turned to the right to a footbridge over the track. Where the path turned right there was a further short stretch of trodden path leading straight up to the fence. At the point where this path reached the fence, the fence had become detached from a supporting post and it had been pressed down to within 10 inches of the ground. The evidence showed that the fence had been in that condition for some time and that people had been using the gap to take a short cut across the line. Employees of the defendant, some seven weeks before the accident, had reported the presence of children on the line, but no action had been taken. The plaintiff left the field where he had been playing, crossed the gap in the fence, and walked on to the line, where he came into contact with the electrified rail and was severely injured. No witnesses were called at the trial on behalf of the defendant.

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Le fait que la vis sans fin ait comporté un danger n'est donc pas la cause de l'accident mais n'en a été que l'occasion et on doit plutôt l'attribuer à la façon dont l'appelant et son père se sont servis de l'écureur.

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The accident suffered by the appellant was entirely caused by his own fault and that of his father, who neglected to ensure that the covers were in place.  The users of equipment entailing dangers of which they are or should be aware have an obligation to use it carefully, in particular by using safety devices provided by the manufacturer.  In the case at bar, the conveyer was not dangerous when the metal covers supplied by the respondent were in place.  The appellant by his reckless act and his father by his negligence failed in their duty of care and thereby caused the accident.  The failure to use the covers is a serious fault for which the respondent cannot be held responsible.  The fact that the worm screw may have been dangerous was therefore not the cause of the accident, but merely occasioned it:  the accident was rather due to the way in which the appellant and his father used the conveyer.  A written warning by the manufacturer of the dangers in the equipment would not have helped to avoid the accident.  Further, even if a danger might result from the covers being lifted or falling off during operation of the conveyer, indicating a defect in design, that is not what occurred here.  The faults committed by the  appellant and his father are a "new event", a novus actus interveniens, and were the cause of the damage as a whole suffered by the appellant.

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Je ne pense pas que j’étende le concept de partialité au-delà de limites raisonnables en soutenant l’exclusion de membres d’un organisme-juge si ces derniers s’y présentent lorsque leurs noms sont liés à des conclusions de culpabilité antérieures qui sont l’objet même des délibérations. Ce n’est pas comme s’ils avaient servis à contrecœur et par nécessité pour le motif que sans eux il n’y aurait pas eu quorum.

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I do not think that I stretch the conception of bias beyond reasonable limits in supporting the disqualification of members of an adjudicative body when they come to its proceedings with their names attached to previous findings of guilt upon which those proceedings are based. It is not as if they served reluctantly and ex necessitate because without them there could be no quorum. The Law Society Act prescribes for more than a sufficient number of Benchers who can constitute a quorum without the participation of the members of the Discipline Committee. In the present case, there were more than enough Benchers for a quorum and, even if there were not, the proper course would be to adjourn the proceedings until a qualified quorum was present.

  Cour suprême du Canada ...  

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Le principe général qui justifie la protection de ces communications est respecté. Les intérêts de la cliente maintenant décédée sont servis, en ce sens que l'admission du témoignage a pour but d'établir ses intentions véritables.

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The considerations which support the admissibility of communications between solicitor and client in the wills context apply with equal force here.  The general policy which supports privileging such communications is not violated.  The interests of the now deceased client are furthered in that the purpose of allowing the evidence to be admitted is to ascertain her true intentions.  And the principle of extending the privilege to the heirs or successors in title of the deceased is promoted by focusing the inquiry on who those heirs or successors properly are.

  Cour suprême du Canada ...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	sociales et le droit criminel lui-même sont mieux servis par l’inobservation d’une loi donnée que par son observation.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	nal law itself, are better promoted by disobeying a given statute than by observing it.

  Cour suprême du Canada ...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	117 Le premier élément ou facteur consiste à se demander si l’objectif et la politique générale visés par l’art. 347 du Code criminel seraient mieux servis par la divisibilité pure et simple ou par la divisibilité fictive.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	117 The first consideration or factor is whether the purpose and policy of s. 347 of the Criminal Code would be better served by severance simpliciter or by notional severance.

  Cour suprême du Canada ...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Si des repas sont servis, le prix du repas est à la pièce, mais un service complet n'excède pas pour:
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	23.01 The Employer shall provide the employee with suitable meals, priced per item, but the cost of a full meal may not exceed:

  Cour suprême du Canada ...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	déterminer si une atteinte aux droits individuels est nécessaire à l’accomplissement du devoir des agents de la paix, et si elle est raisonnable, compte tenu des intérêts d’ordre public servis par, d’un côté, la répression efficace des agissements criminels, et de l’autre, le respect de la liberté et de la dignité fondamentale des individus.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	whether an invasion of individual rights is necessary in order for the peace officers to perform their duty, and whether such invasion is reasonable in light of the public purposes served by effective control of criminal acts on the one hand and on the other respect for the liberty and fundamental dignity of individuals.

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Bien que la négation du droit de l'appelant à l'assistance d'un avocat ne soit pas anodine, il me semble que l'intérêt de la vérité et "l'intégrité du système judiciaire" dont parle le Juge en chef dans l'arrêt R. c. Simmons, à la p. 534, seraient mieux servis par l'utilisation de la preuve que par son exclusion.

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I also conclude that the admission of the evidence in this case would not bring the administration of justice into disrepute.  While the denial of the appellant's right to counsel was certainly not trivial, it seems to me that the "interests of truth" and the "integrity of the judicial system" referred to by the Chief Justice in R. v. Simmons, at p. 534, would be better served by the admission of the evidence than by its exclusion.

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Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Au contraire, on s'en est servi comme d'un faux. Les trois protagonistes de toute l'affaire ont délibérément décidé de contribuer à sa fabrication et s'en sont servis comme faux et non comme authentique.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	It is more realistic to think that this false bill was never used as if it were genuine. On the contrary, it was used as if it were false. The three parties principally involved in the matter deliberately decided to have it prepared and used it as if it were false, not as if it were genuine. In this regard CIMENT QUEBEC, a body corporate, acted through its representative Papillon.

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La violation du droit de l'appelant n'était pas anodine, mais "l'intérêt de la vérité" et "l'intégrité du système judiciaire" seraient mieux servis par l'utilisation de la preuve que par son exclusion.

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The evidence should be admitted notwithstanding the Charter violation.  The search following the violation of appellant's s. 10(b) rights produced real evidence which was totally unrelated to the Charter violation.  Its admission would not render the trial unfair.  The police had not acted in bad faith in thinking that respondent did not have to be informed of his s. 10(b) rights before being searched.  The violation of appellant's right was not trivial but the "interests of truth" and the "integrity of the legal system" would be better served by the admission of the evidence than by its exclusion.

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Pour leur part, les jeunes contrevenants sont mieux servis quand ils reçoivent les conseils et l'assistance nécessaires pour acquérir les aptitudes dont ils ont besoin pour devenir des membres pleinement intégrés et utiles à la société.

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The aim must be both to protect society and at the same time to provide the young offender with the necessary guidance and assistance that he or she may not be getting at home.  Those goals are not necessarily mutually exclusive.  In the long run, society is best protected by the reformation and rehabilitation of a young offender.  In turn, the young offenders are best served when they are provided with the necessary guidance and assistance to enable them to learn the skills required to become fully integrated, useful members of society.

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Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Mineurs ‑‑ Garde ‑‑ Réclamation par la mère naturelle de la garde de son enfant après l’avoir donné en adoption ‑‑ Importance primordiale du bien‑être de l’enfant ‑‑ Compétence parens patriae ‑‑ Intérêts de l’enfant mieux servis en le laissant avec ses parents adoptifs ‑‑ Ordonnance sur les relations familiales, O.R.T.N.‑O.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	Infants ‑‑ Custody ‑‑ Natural mother claiming custody of child after giving him up for adoption ‑‑ Welfare of the child paramount consideration ‑‑ Parens patriae jurisdiction ‑‑ Child’s interests best served by leaving him with adoptive parents ‑‑ Domestic Relations Ordinance, R.O.N.W.T. 1974, c. C‑3, ss. 28(1), 35(2), 37, 39.

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Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Le bulletin IT‑218R, qui a remplacé le bulletin IT‑218 en 1986, énumère un certain nombre de facteurs dont les tribunaux se sont servis pour déterminer si une opération immobilière constitue un projet comportant un risque de caractère commercial qui génère un revenu d'entreprise ou une opération portant sur une immobilisation, impliquant la vente d'un placement.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigencsc.lexum.org als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	17               IT-218R, which replaced IT-218 in 1986, lists a number of factors which have been used by the courts to determine whether a transaction involving real estate is an adventure in the nature of trade creating business income or a capital transaction involving the sale of an investment.  Particular attention is paid to:

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Á œ œ ÁVersion franÀ' Àaise du jugement de la Cour rendu oralement par Á œ œ Áà ÃLe Juge en ChefÄ Ä--Dans les circonstances de cette affaire, nous sommes tous d'avis que les intÀ) ÀrÀ+ Àts de la justice seront mieux servis si un nouveau procÀ/ Às est ordonnÀ) À.

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\+\+\+Ü Ü ÔŒ™Á œ œ Áà ÃPeter Martin, Q.C.Ä Ä, for the respondent. Á œ œ ÁThe judgment of the Court was delivered orally by Á œ œ Áà ÃThe Chief JusticeÄ Ä--Under the particular circumstances of this case, we are all of the view that the interests of justice will best be served by the ordering of a new trial. Á œ œ ÁWe accordingly allow the appeal, quash the conviction and order a new trial. Á œ œ Áà ÃJudgment accordingly. Á œ œ ÁSolicitor for the appellant:  Alexander D. Pringle, Edmonton. Á œ œ ÁSolicitor for the respondent:  Peter W. L. Martin, Calgary.Ä Ä