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ÓÌAs€the€trial€judge€noted,€there€are€important€practical€differences€between€a€railway€lineÏwhich€cuts€across€traffic€at€a€right€angle€and€one€which€runs€down€the€centre€of€a€street.€ÏIn€particular,€the€danger€posed€by€flangeways€to€riders€of€motorcycles€and€bicycles€is€farÏgreater€when€those€riders€must€travel€alongside€the€gap€for€four€blocks€than€when€theyÏcross€over€it€once€at€a€steep€angle.€€A€regulatory€standard€which€is€reasonable€in€theÏsecond€situation€may€be€wholly€inappropriate€in€the€first.€€Accordingly,€the€standards€forÏflangeway€widths€defined€in€General€Order€No.€E„4€and€CTC€1980„8€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ{| # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔRail€are€notÐ Œ $ Ðdefinitive€of€the€standard€of€care€in€this€case.€ÌÔ # † X ƒ X X X ƒ ‡ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔÌà « à(ii)€ò òDiscretion€Under€the€Regulations€ó óÐ T ì ÐÌÝ ‚ % Ñýÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % Ñý ˆ Ýà „ àÚ ƒ z Ú50Ú ÚÛ € z 2 Ûà Ü àÝ Ýà « àEven€if€the€standards€for€ð ðrailway„highway€crossingð ð€regulations€do€applyÐ „ Ðto€the€Store€Street€tracks,€the€Railwaysð ð€compliance€with€those€standards€did€notÏnecessarily€constitute€reasonable€conduct€in€the€circumstances.€€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ¤‡ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔGeneral€Order€No.€E„4Ð ´ L ! Ðand€CTC€1980„8€Rail€provide€that€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ¿‰ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ Ôa€flangeway€may€be€as€narrow€as€2.5€inches€(65Ð L"ä # Ðmillimetres)€or€as€wide€as€4.75€inches€(126€millimetres).€€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒLŠ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔThe€decision€to€construct€aÐ ä#| % Ðflangeway€at€a€particular€width€within€that€range€was€a€matter€left€to€the€discretion€of€theÏRailways.€€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ ‹ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔIn€exercising€that€discretion,€they€were€bound€by€the€common€law€and€wereÐ '¬ ) Ðrequired€to€take€all€reasonable€steps€to€minimize€foreseeable€harm.€€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒæ‹ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔIt€cannot€beÐ ¬(D"+ Ðpresumed€that€the€entire€range€would€be€reasonably€safe€in€all€conditions.€€Indeed,€theÏexistence€of€a€range€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒËŒ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ Ôinstead€of€a€uniform€standard€suggests€that€the€appropriate€width€forÐ Ü+t%/ Ða€flangeway€depends€in€part€on€the€particular€facts.€€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ› # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ ÔThe€flangeways€installed€by€theÐ t- '1 ÐRailways€in€1982€were€between€3.75€and€3.94€inches€wide.€€Had€they€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒmŽ # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ Ôbeen€narrower€byÐ /¤(3 Ðhalf€Ô # † X ƒ X X X ƒ& # ÔÔ ‡ X ƒ X X X ƒ Ôan€inch,€the€accident€at€issue€in€this€case€would€not€have€occurred.€€The€Railwaysð ðÐ h Ðdecision€with€respect€to€that€h
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= ñvñ = ñille)ñ > ñ,€[1999]€1€Ô_ ÔR.C.S.Ô_ Ô€Ô_ Ô201ñ > ñÔ_ ÔÐ ° ÐÌò òÔ_ ÔMurrayÔ_ Ô€Ô_ ÔRyanÔ_ Ôó óà ø à€ò òà Ü àà 8 àà ô àAppelantó óÐ à 0 ÐÌò òc.ó óÐ ` ÐÌò òÓ ÓLa€Corporation€de€la€Ville€de€Victoria,Ð @ Ðla€Compagnie€du€chemin€de€fer€dð ðÔ_ ÔEsquimaltÔ_ Ô€ €Ô_ ÔNanað5 ðmoÔ_ Ô€etÌÔ_ ÔCanadianÔ_ Ô€Ô_ ÔPacificÔ_ Ô€Ô_ ÔLimitedÔ_ Ô/Canadien€Pacifique€Limit eó ó€à ô àò òIntim esó óÓ ë ÓÐ Ø ( ÐÌò òR pertori :Ô_ ÔRyanÔ_ Ôò ò€có ó.€Victoria€(Ville)ó óÐ X ÐÌÔ_ ÔNò òoÔ_ Ôó ó€du€greffe:25704.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ1998:17€juin;€1999:28€janvier.ÌÌÓ ÓPr sents:Les€juges€Ô_ ÔGonthierÔ_ Ô,€Ô_ ÔCoryÔ_ Ô,€Ô_ ÔMcLachlinÔ_ Ô,€Ô_ ÔIacobucciÔ_ Ô,€Major,€Ô_ ÔBastaracheÔ_ Ô€et€Ô_ ÔBinnieÔ_ Ô.Ó ÓÌÌen€appel€de€la€cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Ô_ ÔcolombieÔ_ Ô-britanniqueÌÌà œ àò òResponsabilit €Ô_ Ôd lictuelleÔ_ Ô€--€N gligence€--€Nuisance€--€CompagniesÐ ø"H & Ðferroviaires€--€Moyen€de€d fense€fond €sur€lð ðautorisation€du€l gislateur€--€Voie€ferr eÏenfonc e€dans€la€chauss e€au€centre€dð ðune€art re€urbaine,€toutes€les€dispositionsÏl gislatives€et€r glementaires€applicables€ont€ t €observ es€--€Motocycliste€bless €apr sÏavoir€ t €projet €de€son€v hicule,€dont€le€pneu€avant€sð ðest€coinc €dans€lð ðespace€le€longÏdu€rail€--€Les€compagnies€ferroviaires€sont-elles€responsables€de€n gligence?€--€LesÏcompagnies€ferroviaires€sont-elles€responsables€de€nuisance€publique?ó óÐ ˆ,Ø'2 Ðâ âÐ .p)4 ÐÔ_ Ôà œ àò òTribunaux€--€Appel€--€Juge€de€premi re€instance€ayant€conclu€ €lð ðabsenceÐ h Ðâ âde€n gligence€contributive€--€Absence€dð ðerreur€manifeste€et€dominante€--€La€CourÏdð ðappel€a-t-elle€commis€une€erreur€en€infirmant€les€conclusions€du€juge€de€premi reÏinstance?ó óÐ 0 È ÐÌà œ àLð ðappelant€sð ðest€bless €apr s€avoir€chut €de€sa€motocyclette€en€tentant€deÏtraverser€la€voie€ferr e€qui€courait€au€centre€dð ðune€ruedu€centre-ville€de€Victoria.€€LeÏpneu€avant€de€la€motocyclette€de€lð ðappelant€sð ðest€coinc €dans€lð ðespace€cr €parÏlð ðð ðorni reð ð€courant€le€long€de€la€face€int rieure€des€rails€ €niveau€avec€la€chauss e.€€LeÏmotocycliste€a€poursuivi€la€Ville€ainsi€que€les€compagnies€ferroviaires€qui€poss daientÏet€exploitaient€la€voie€ferr e.€€Les€compagnies€ferroviaires€nient€toute€responsabilit €pourÏle€motif€que€la€voie€ferr e€en€cause€ tait€autoris e€par€les€lois,€r glements€et€ordonnancesÏadministratives€applicables€et€conforme€ €ceux-ci.ÌÌà œ àLe€juge€de€premi re€instance€a€statu €que€les€compagnies€ferroviaires€et€laÏVille€ taient€solidairement€responsables€de€n gligence,€les€premi res€pour€avoi
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