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Keybot 6 Résultats  ar2006.emcdda.europa.eu
  Yorum ‘“ Avrupa’da uyuÅ...  
  Kutu 8  
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Opioid uyuşturucularına atfedilen ölümlerin toksikolojik analizlerinde kokain sıklıkla görülmekte olup, bazı ülkelerde eroin sorunlarını tedavi edenler için kokainin eroinle birlikte kullanımı belirgin bir sorun haline gelmiştir.
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Cocaine is often found in the toxicological analysis of deaths attributed to opioid drugs, and in a number of countries concurrent cocaine use has become a recognised problem for those treating heroin problems. Although data are limited, in the 2005 national reports over 400 deaths were identified as being causally related to cocaine use, and cocaine-related deaths appeared to be increasing in all high-prevalence countries. This figure is almost certainly an underestimate and the impact of cocaine use as a contributor to deaths due to cardiovascular problems remains unknown. The message is clear: if Europe is to avoid experiencing an increase in the public health costs associated with the use of this drug, any stabilisation in overall use of cocaine should not mask the need for both a better identification and understanding of cocaine-related problems and the need for investment in the development of effective responses.
  Bölüm 5: Kokain ve crac...  
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Her ne kadar eldeki kanıtlar konuların tam anlamıyla anlaşılmasına yetmese de, bazı sonuçlar çıkarılabilir. Örneğin, yoğun esrar kullanımının ruhsal hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğu açıktır ama bir hastalığa diğer hastalıkların eşlik etmesi sorunu, sebep sonuç sorunlarıyla içiçedir.
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In recent years there has been a surge in the level of concern about potential social and health outcomes of cannabis use. Although the available evidence does not provide a clear-cut understanding of the issues, some conclusions may be drawn. It is, for instance, evident that intensive cannabis use is correlated with mental illness, but the question of co-morbidity is intertwined with the questions of cause and effect. The complexities of this correlation are explored and discussed in a forthcoming EMCDDA monograph.
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Ces dernières années, les préoccupations suscitées par les effets sociaux et sanitaires potentiels de l’usage de cannabis se sont développées. Bien que les données disponibles ne permettent pas de se faire une idée précise des problèmes, certaines conclusions peuvent néanmoins être tirées. Ainsi, il est manifeste que l’usage intensif de cannabis est en corrélation avec la maladie mentale, mais la comorbidité est liée aux questions de la cause et de l’effet. La complexité de cette corrélation est étudiée et sera discutée dans une monographie de l’OEDT à paraître bientôt.
  Bölüm 3: Esrar (kenevir)  
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Önceki yıllarda rapor edilmiş kokain kullanımı için tedavi görmek isteyen hastalar arasında yükselen eğilimler sürmektedir; 1999’dan 2004’e kadar, raporlanmamış veriler için değer tahmini yapan bir analiz, kokain kullanımı için tedavi görmek isteyen yeni hastaların oranının bu dönemde % 10 civarından % 20’ye çıktığını öne sürmektedir (17 AB ülkesi ile Bulgaristan ve Romanya temel alınarak) (155).
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The increasing trends among clients seeking treatment for cocaine use reported in previous years is continuing; from 1999 to 2004, an analysis that interpolates for unreported data suggests that the proportion of new clients demanding treatment for cocaine use grew from around 10 % to 20 % during this period (based on 17 EU countries and Bulgaria and Romania) (155).
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La tendance à la hausse du nombre de demandes de traitement pour usage de cocaïne observée les années précédentes se confirme. Une interpolation des données non déclarées suggère que le pourcentage de nouveaux patients en demande de traitement pour usage de cocaïne est passé de 10 à 20 % entre 1999 et 2004 (sur la base de 17 États membres de l'UE plus la Bulgarie et la Roumanie) (155).
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Die in den Vorjahren gemeldete zunehmende Tendenz bei der Zahl der Patienten, die eine Behandlung wegen des Konsums von Kokain beantragen, setzt sich fort: Einer Analyse zufolge, bei der nicht gemeldete Daten interpoliert wurden, ist der Anteil der Erstpatienten, die eine Behandlung wegen des Konsums von Kokain beantragen, im Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2004 von etwa 10 % auf 20 % gestiegen (basierend auf 17 EU-Ländern sowie Bulgarien und Rumänien) (155).
  Bölüm 1: Politikalar ve...  
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Ocak 2005’ten beri, Fransa topraklarında 250’nin üzerinde ‘esrar danışma’ kliniği kurulmuştur. Esrar veya başka uyuşturucular kullandıklarından ötürü zorluklar yaşayan 13 ila 19 yaşındaki gençler ile anne babalarını hedefleyen bu servisler anonim, bedava ve herkese açıktır.
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Specific drug counselling centres are frequent in Germany, France and the Netherlands. Since January 2005, more than 250 ‘cannabis consultation’ clinics have been set up throughout the French territories. Aimed at teenagers who are experiencing difficulties as a result of their use of cannabis or other drugs, as well as their parents, these facilities are anonymous, free and open to all. They are located in the major French cities for easy access. Consultations are carried out by professionals trained in the use of evaluation tools and brief interventions that deal with addictions, and are also able to identify social, medical or psychiatric services appropriate for clients needing specialised care. This new type of structure is to be subjected a follow-up study. The first available data from the first 2 or 3 months of operation show attendance figures of 3 500–4 000 individuals per month, of whom 2 000–2 500 were cannabis users (the others being parents, relatives and youth workers). Alternative strategies are to offer short but structured courses with around 10 group sessions (Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria). An accompanying manual, SKOLL (self-control training), has been launched by a Dutch-German EUREGIO project.
  Bölüm 5: Kokain ve crac...  
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Değerlendirme, yeni AB uyuşturucu eylem planının önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Sürekli, aşamalı ve katılımcı bir süreç olarak görülmektedir. Avrupa Komisyonu, EMCDDA ve Europol’un desteğiyle, yıllık ilerleme incelemeleri sunacağından süreklidir.
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Evaluation forms a substantial part of the new EU drugs action plan. It is conceived as a continuous, incremental and participative process. It is continuous because the European Commission, with the support of EMCDDA and Europol, will present annual progress reviews. The evaluation exercise will also be incremental, each annual progress review placing the results of the last year within the context of the preceding year. Finally, the process will be participative, involving an evaluation Steering Group whose task will be to define the methodology, output and provisional calendar. As in the evaluation of the EU action plan (2000–04), the Steering Group will be made up of representatives of relevant Commission services, the EMCDDA and Europol as well as representatives of the Member States. Consultative hearings for civil society representatives will also be organised. At the end of the 2005–08 drugs action plan, and for the first time at European level, an impact assessment will be organised with a view to proposing a new action plan for the period 2009–12, which is intended to take this assessment as a starting point. A final evaluation of the strategy and of the action plans will then be carried out by the Commission in 2012.

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Dünyanın şimdiye dek en büyük yasadışı koka kaynağı olan Kolombiya’yı Peru ve Bolivya izlemektedir. 2004’te toplam kokain üretiminin 687 tona çıktığı tahmin edilmekte olup Kolombiya’nın buna katkısı % 56, Peru’nun % 28 ve Bolivya’nın % 16 olmuştur (UNODC, 2005).
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Colombia is by far the largest source of illicit coca in the world, followed by Peru and Bolivia. Global production of cocaine in 2004 is estimated to have increased to 687 tonnes, of which Colombia contributed 56 %, Peru 28 % and Bolivia 16 % (UNODC, 2005). Most of the cocaine seized in Europe comes directly from South America (mainly Colombia) or via Central America and the Caribbean. In 2004, Suriname, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Ecuador, Curaçao, Jamaica, Mexico, Guyana and Panama were reported as transit countries for cocaine imported into the EU (Reitox national reports, 2005; WCO, 2005; CND, 2006; INCB, 2006a; Europol, 2006). Some also passed through Africa, increasingly through Western Africa and countries in the Gulf of Guinea (mainly Nigeria), but also East Africa (Kenya) and North-west Africa through the islands off the coast of Mauritania and Senegal (CND, 2006; INCB, 2006a). The main points of entry in the EU remain Spain, the Netherlands and Portugal, as well as Belgium, France and the United Kingdom (Reitox national reports, 2005; CND, 2006; Europol, 2006). Although Spain and the Netherlands still play an important role as distribution points for the cocaine entering the EU, the intensified controls along the Spanish north coast (Galicia) and the 100 % controls policy on flights from specific countries (134) at Schipol Airport (Amsterdam) may have played a part in the development of alternative routes, increasingly, for example, via Africa, but also via Eastern and Central Europe and secondary distribution from there to Western Europe (Reitox national reports, 2005; WCO, 2005; INCB, 2006a).