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  Histoire  
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Durant la période des rois et tout au long de l’époque républicaine, ce territoire s’appelait Ager Vaticanus et s’étendait au nord jusqu’à l’embouchure du Cremera, au sud au moins jusqu’au Janicule. Le toponyme Vaticanum est attesté avec certitude à l’époque impériale, à partir du IIe siècle apr.
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The term Vatican was used in ancient times to identify the marshy area on the right bank of the Tiber River, between the Milvio Bridge and the present Sixtus Bridge. During the monarchy and the republican age, the area was known asAger Vaticanus. It extended northwards as far as the mouth of the Cremera and southwards at least as far as the Janiculum. In the Imperial age, from the 2nd century A.D., the toponym Vaticanum was applied to an area corresponding roughly to the present Vatican City State.
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In dieser Gegend ließ der römische Kaiser Caligula (37-41 n. Chr.) eine private Wagenrennbahn (Zirkus) errichten. Zur Zeit Neros (54-68 n. Chr.) sollen hier und in den anschließenden Gärten zahlreiche Christen den Märtyrertod erlitten haben. Nördlich des Zirkus wurde in einem Friedhof entlang einer Nebenstraße der hl. Petrus beigesetzt. An der Stelle seines Grabes ließ Kaiser Konstantin der Große zwischen 324 und 326 eine grandiose Basilika erbauen. Sie wurde im XVI. und XVII. Jahrhundert durch die heutige Peterskirche ersetzt.
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Durante il periodo regio e per tutta l’età repubblicana, il territorio era noto come Ager Vaticanus e si estendeva a nord fino alla foce del Cremera, a sud almeno fino al Gianicolo. In età imperiale, a partire dal II secolo d.C., è attestato il toponimo Vaticanum che comprendeva un’area grossomodo corrispondente a quella dell’odierno Stato della Città del Vaticano. In epoca romana l’area, esterna alla città di Roma, fu bonificata e occupata da ville, dai giardini di Agrippina – madre dell’imperatore Caligola (37-41 d.C.) – e da vaste necropoli disposte lungo le arterie principali.
  La Cité du Vatican dans...  
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Le toponyme Vaticanum est attesté avec certitude à l’époque impériale, à partir du IIe siècle apr. J. -C. , et il comprenait une région correspondant plus ou moins à l’actuel État de la Cité du Vatican.
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The term Vatican was used in ancient times to identify the marshy area on the right bank of the Tiber River, between the Milvio Bridge and the present Sixtus Bridge. During the monarchy and the republican age, the area was known as Ager Vaticanus. It extended northwards as far as the mouth of the Cremera and southwards at least as far as the Janiculum. In the Imperial age, from the 2nd century A.D., the toponym Vaticanum was applied to an area corresponding roughly to the present Vatican City State. During the Roman period, the area outside the city of Rome was reclaimed. In addition, many villas, Agrippina’s gardens, Emperor Caligula's (37-41 A.D.) mother's house and a wide necropolis were built along the main roads. In his mother’s gardens, Caligula built a small circus to let the charioteers train (Gaianum), which was later restored by Nero (54-68 A.D.). Tradition has it that Peter suffered martyrdom there in the great Christian persecution ordered by Nero in 64 A.D. Various tombs have been dug along Via Trionfale, the street which leads northwards from St Peter’s Square to Monte Mario, while along Via Cornelia, which led westwards, the necropolis with the tomb of the apostle Peter is located. The presence of Peter represents the topographic centre of the area insofar as it has always ranked among the most significant destinations for Christian pilgrims. Many Christians, led by their desire to be near St Peter, wished to be buried near his tomb. The necropolis was covered over during the building of the basilica dedicated to the Apostle, which was commissioned by Emperor Constantine (306-337 A.D.). This building determined the later development of the area.