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  Les incidences des fact...  
séchage HT
HT spaghetti
  Les incidences des fact...  
Tableau 1 - Concentration d'alcaloïdes de l'ergot, en parties par milliard, présente dans les pâtes alimentaires (spaghettis) séchées à basse température (BT) et à haute température (HT) ainsi que dans ces pâtes cuites et dans leur eau de cuisson.
Table 1 - Concentration of ergot alkaloids (ppb) in pasta dried by low temperature (LT) and high temperature (HT), and in cooked pasta and cooking water
  Les incidences des fact...  
Le séchage à haute température (HT), ou même à ultra-haute température, est aujourd'hui universellement adopté pour la fabrication des pâtes alimentaires. Le séchage HT donne des pâtes plus fermes et moins collantes que les procédés classiques de séchage à basse température (Dexter et al., 1981).
High temperature (HT) and ultra-high temperature drying have become universally accepted in pasta processing. HT yields firmer, less sticky pasta than traditional low temperature (LT) drying cycles (Dexter et al. 1981). As a result raw material quality, particularly protein content, can be compromized when using HT technology without sacrificing pasta textural properties
  Les incidences des fact...  
Le séchage à haute température (HT), ou même à ultra-haute température, est aujourd'hui universellement adopté pour la fabrication des pâtes alimentaires. Le séchage HT donne des pâtes plus fermes et moins collantes que les procédés classiques de séchage à basse température (Dexter et al., 1981).
High temperature (HT) and ultra-high temperature drying have become universally accepted in pasta processing. HT yields firmer, less sticky pasta than traditional low temperature (LT) drying cycles (Dexter et al. 1981). As a result raw material quality, particularly protein content, can be compromized when using HT technology without sacrificing pasta textural properties
  Les incidences des fact...  
Le séchage à haute température (HT), ou même à ultra-haute température, est aujourd'hui universellement adopté pour la fabrication des pâtes alimentaires. Le séchage HT donne des pâtes plus fermes et moins collantes que les procédés classiques de séchage à basse température (Dexter et al., 1981).
High temperature (HT) and ultra-high temperature drying have become universally accepted in pasta processing. HT yields firmer, less sticky pasta than traditional low temperature (LT) drying cycles (Dexter et al. 1981). As a result raw material quality, particularly protein content, can be compromized when using HT technology without sacrificing pasta textural properties
  Historique de l’amélior...  
Par rapport à l’indice de gluten, la courbe alvéographique permet de mieux distinguer les génotypes de blé dur à gluten faible à modéré. Dans le cas des pâtes fabriquées entièrement à partir de génotypes LMW 2, la fermeté des pâtes séchées à HT ou à UHT n’augmente pas avec la force du gluten.
Alveograph curves discriminate better between durum wheat genotypes of weak to moderate gluten strength than GI. Pasta firmness does not improve as strength increases when pasta is prepared from 100% semolina from LMW-2 genotypes, whether dried at HT or UHT. However, when semolina from stronger LMW-2 genotypes is blended into semolina from a very weak LMW-1 genotype, cooked spaghetti firmness was improved more than for weaker LMW-2 genotypes at the same blend level.
  Historique de l’amélior...  
Les divers mélanges ont été transformés en spaghetti au moyen d’un microprocédé (Matsuo et al., 1972), puis le spaghetti a été séché à HT (70 °C, voir Dexter et al.., 1981) ou à UHT (90 °C, voir Dexter et al., 1984).
Stewart 63 and contemporary registered CWAD varieties with a wide range of gluten strength were milled into semolina (Dexter et al., 1990). Semolina from each CWAD variety was blended into Stewart 63 at five levels (Table 3). Gluten index (GI) and alveograph were determined by American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) (2000) Approved Methods. Spaghetti was prepared by a micro-procedure (Matsuo et al., 1972) and dried at HT (70°C) (Dexter et al., 1981) and UHT (90°C) (Dexter et al., 1984).
  Historique de l’amélior...  
L’introduction du séchage à haute température (HT, 60 à 80 °C) et à ultra-haute température (UHT, 80 à 110 °C) des pâtes alimentaires (Pollini, 1996), a récemment eu un impact sur les critères de qualité du blé dur.
The introduction of high temperature (HT) drying (60°C to 80°C) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) drying (80°C to 110°C) of pasta (Pollini, 1996) have influenced durum wheat quality specifications in recent years. HT and UHT drying produce pasta of acceptable or even superior cooking quality from mediocre quality raw material (Malcolmson et al., 1993). HT and UHT drying can also improve pasta color, but care must be taken to ensure that Maillard (non-enzymatic) browning reactions are minimized (Dexter et al., 1984). Gluten strength has less influence on the cooking quality of HT and UHT pasta compared to LT pasta (D'Egidio et al., 1990). Nevertheless, gluten strength remains an important durum wheat specification. Gluten index (Cubadda et al., 1992) and physical dough tests, particularly the mixograph and the alveograph, are widely used (Dick and Youngs, 1988; D'Egidio et al., 1990).
  Historique de l’amélior...  
L’introduction du séchage à haute température (HT, 60 à 80 °C) et à ultra-haute température (UHT, 80 à 110 °C) des pâtes alimentaires (Pollini, 1996), a récemment eu un impact sur les critères de qualité du blé dur.
The introduction of high temperature (HT) drying (60°C to 80°C) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) drying (80°C to 110°C) of pasta (Pollini, 1996) have influenced durum wheat quality specifications in recent years. HT and UHT drying produce pasta of acceptable or even superior cooking quality from mediocre quality raw material (Malcolmson et al., 1993). HT and UHT drying can also improve pasta color, but care must be taken to ensure that Maillard (non-enzymatic) browning reactions are minimized (Dexter et al., 1984). Gluten strength has less influence on the cooking quality of HT and UHT pasta compared to LT pasta (D'Egidio et al., 1990). Nevertheless, gluten strength remains an important durum wheat specification. Gluten index (Cubadda et al., 1992) and physical dough tests, particularly the mixograph and the alveograph, are widely used (Dick and Youngs, 1988; D'Egidio et al., 1990).
  Historique de l’amélior...  
L’introduction du séchage à haute température (HT, 60 à 80 °C) et à ultra-haute température (UHT, 80 à 110 °C) des pâtes alimentaires (Pollini, 1996), a récemment eu un impact sur les critères de qualité du blé dur.
The introduction of high temperature (HT) drying (60°C to 80°C) and ultra-high temperature (UHT) drying (80°C to 110°C) of pasta (Pollini, 1996) have influenced durum wheat quality specifications in recent years. HT and UHT drying produce pasta of acceptable or even superior cooking quality from mediocre quality raw material (Malcolmson et al., 1993). HT and UHT drying can also improve pasta color, but care must be taken to ensure that Maillard (non-enzymatic) browning reactions are minimized (Dexter et al., 1984). Gluten strength has less influence on the cooking quality of HT and UHT pasta compared to LT pasta (D'Egidio et al., 1990). Nevertheless, gluten strength remains an important durum wheat specification. Gluten index (Cubadda et al., 1992) and physical dough tests, particularly the mixograph and the alveograph, are widely used (Dick and Youngs, 1988; D'Egidio et al., 1990).
  Historique de l’amélior...  
Comme il a été mentionné plus tôt, l’augmentation de la force de gluten des génotypes LMW 2 semble présenter peu d’intérêt quant à la qualité culinaire des pâtes alimentaires, particulièrement si celles-ci sont séchées à HT ou à UHT.
As discussed previously, there seems to be little benefit to pasta cooking quality when gluten strength of LMW-2 genotypes is increased, particularly when drying by HT or UHT. In this study differences in pasta firmness made from 100% of a given contemporary Canadian cultivar were not statistically significant by either HT or UHT (Figure 4). All exhibited superior pasta firmness compared to 100% Stewart 63 semolina. Greater gluten strength for LMW-2 genotypes does appear to be beneficial to cooking quality when blending with weak semolina. Whether spaghetti was dried at 70°C or 90°C, cooking quality rankings of blends with Stewart 63 at blend levels up to 75%, were generally in order of gluten strength: AC Navigator > AC Melita > Plenty. The variation in strength among LMW-2 genotypes is due to higher LMW glutenin content (Edwards et al., 2007a). LMW-2 glutenin is the gluten protein fraction associated with pasta texture. The stronger LMW-2 genotypes contribute more LMW-2 glutenin at comparable blend levels than weaker LMW-2 genotypes, accounting for superior pasta cooking quality of the blends with stronger genotypes.
  Historique de l’amélior...  
Comme il a été mentionné plus tôt, l’augmentation de la force de gluten des génotypes LMW 2 semble présenter peu d’intérêt quant à la qualité culinaire des pâtes alimentaires, particulièrement si celles-ci sont séchées à HT ou à UHT.
As discussed previously, there seems to be little benefit to pasta cooking quality when gluten strength of LMW-2 genotypes is increased, particularly when drying by HT or UHT. In this study differences in pasta firmness made from 100% of a given contemporary Canadian cultivar were not statistically significant by either HT or UHT (Figure 4). All exhibited superior pasta firmness compared to 100% Stewart 63 semolina. Greater gluten strength for LMW-2 genotypes does appear to be beneficial to cooking quality when blending with weak semolina. Whether spaghetti was dried at 70°C or 90°C, cooking quality rankings of blends with Stewart 63 at blend levels up to 75%, were generally in order of gluten strength: AC Navigator > AC Melita > Plenty. The variation in strength among LMW-2 genotypes is due to higher LMW glutenin content (Edwards et al., 2007a). LMW-2 glutenin is the gluten protein fraction associated with pasta texture. The stronger LMW-2 genotypes contribute more LMW-2 glutenin at comparable blend levels than weaker LMW-2 genotypes, accounting for superior pasta cooking quality of the blends with stronger genotypes.