ecr – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

On a utilisé une échelle de Jadad modifiée pour évaluer la qualité méthodologique des ECR. Les paramètres d’intérêt étaient le contrôle de la glycémie (hémoglobine glycosylée [HbA1c] et glycémie à jeun), l’hypoglycémie, le poids corporel, la qualité de vie, la satisfaction des patients, l’utilisation des ressources en santé et les complications à long terme du diabète.

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A modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Outcomes of interest included glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin or A1C, fasting plasma glucose), hypoglycemia, body weight, quality of life, patient satisfaction, health care utilization, and long-term complications of diabetes. Two reviewers independently extracted data from each article, and appraised methodological quality. Differences were discussed and resolved by consensus. Where appropriate, quantitative pooling of results through random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 4.2 to generate estimates of treatment effect. In the absence of reported carry-over effects, data from crossover trials were combined with those from parallel trials in a single meta-analysis. When a carry-over effect was reported in a crossover RCT for a particular outcome, these data were excluded from meta-analysis. A number of subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

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On a relevé deux ECR qui ne faisaient pas partie des études méthodiques ou des ETS. Un de ces essais (n = 106) essayait de trouver si l’observance et les résultats cliniques différaient entre des patients qui devaient, être diagnostiqués de façon aléatoire, à la maison, par auto titrage par ventilation spontanée en pression positive continue ou par polysomnographie classique en laboratoire.

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Two RCTs not included in the identified HTAs or systematic reviews were retrieved. One RCT (n = 106) assessed whether CPAP compliance and clinical outcomes differed between patients who were randomly assigned to home diagnosis and CPAP autotitration or conventional laboratory PSG. At a six-week follow-up clinic visit, CPAP compliance and the clinical outcomes evaluated did not differ between the two groups. Another RCT (n = 62)

L’infliximab et l’étane...

La recherche documentaire a débouché sur la recension de 8 rapports d’évaluation d’une technologie de la santé (ETS), 14 études méthodiques, 6 essais cliniques comparatifs et randomisés (ECR) et 1 étude observationnelle (pas de témoins prospectifs) sur le moment d’instauration du traitement; 12 études observationnelles portant sur l’adaptation posologique; 8 études observationnelles axées sur la substitution.

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There is uncertainty about the long-term (≥12 months) clinical impact compared to traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and whether the additional cost is justifiable. There is uncertainty about the effectiveness of using one anti-TNF agent in patients who were failed by another, which agents should be used first, and whether the timing of therapeutic onset influences clinical effectiveness. There is uncertainty about the known clinical effectiveness of escalating dose.

Quelques ECR comparent la multithérapie à la monothérapie. Le couple gomme à mâcher et timbre cutané de nicotine est plus efficace que le timbre seul du point de vue de l’abstinence complète pendant six mois, mais pas durant un an (un ECR, N = 374).

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There were few RCTs of combined therapy versus monotherapy. The addition of nicotine gum to nicotine patch was superior compared with nicotine patch alone for the six-month continuous abstinence rate, but not at one year of follow-up (one RCT, N = 374). The combined therapies of nicotine patch and inhaler or bupropion and NRT did not provide an added effect compared with monotherapy (four RCTs). Thus, combined therapy should be prescribed with caution because the evidence is scarce and the adverse effects unknown.

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Gestion optimale du tra...

Les études primaires ne permettent pas de déceler une tendance précise, mais leurs constatations illustrent les différences entre les ECR et les études non randomisées relevées par les études méthodiques.

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Results from systematic reviews indicate that specialized anticoagulation clinics result in higher TTR compared with UC, but do not tend to result in significant differences in bleeding events, thromboembolism, or mortality. While the additional primary studies are insufficient to identify a trend, their findings reflect the difference between RCTs and non-randomized studies described in the systematic reviews.

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Un ECR compare le RVAC – avec la valve SAPIEN – à la CRVA; un deuxième ECR compare le RVAC – avec la valve SAPIEN – au traitement non chirurgical usuel; et le troisième ECR fait la description d’un sous-groupe de l’essai PARTNER qui présente des événements neurologiques, et compare la RVAC avec la valve SAPIEN au CRVA.

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The meta-analysis14 compared TAVR — using either the Medtronic CoreValve or Edwards SAPIEN valve — with SAVR. One RCT15 compared TAVR, using the SAPIEN valve, with SAVR; a second RCT16 compared TAVR, using the SAPIEN valve, with standard, non-surgical therapy; and the third RCT reported on a subgroup of the PARTNER trial of patients experiencing neurological events, comparing TAVR using the SAPIEN valve with SAVR. The non-randomized study18 compared TAVR, using either the CoreValve or SAPIEN valve, with SAVR. None of the studies specified the type of SAPIEN valves used.

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Rapport en bref d'exame...

En raison du très grand nombre d’articles repérés, on n’a retenu que les évaluations des technologies de la santé, les examens méthodiques et les méta-analyses. On n’a pas tenu compte des essais comparatifs et randomisés (ECR) ni des études non randomisées.

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A limited literature search of key resources was conducted, and titles and abstracts of the retrieved publications were reviewed. Full-text publications were evaluated for final article selection according to predetermined selection criteria. Due to the large volume of literature, the final selection of articles was restricted to health technology assessments, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies were not considered.

Il s’agit d’une étude méthodique d’essais cliniques comparatifs et randomisés (ECR) qui comparent l’étidronate, l’alendronate et le risédronate au placebo en période postménopausique. Les ECR ont été classés en deux catégories, celle de la prévention primaire et celle de la prévention secondaire, selon l’absence ou la présence de fractures avant le traitement.

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We performed a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared postmenopausal women taking etidronate, alendronate, or risedronate to those on placebo. RCTs were categorized as primary or secondary prevention based on the absence or presence of pre-existing fractures. We meta-analyzed data from 11 etidronate RCTs (1,248 women), 11 alendronate RCTs (12,099 women), and six risedronate RCTs (13,795 women) to estimate the impact on fractures and adverse events. Seven RCTs were primary prevention trials. Additional analyses examined the influence of dose, duration, and baseline characteristics, including age, on effect estimates.

Les analogues de l’insu...

Les principaux concepts de recherche étaient le diabète et les analogues de l’insuline à action prolongée (IGlar et IDét) et à courte durée d’action (glulisine, ILisp et IAsp). Un filtre a été utilisé pour limiter la recherche aux essais contrôlés et randomisés (ECR).

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The following bibliographic databases were searched through the Ovid interface: MEDLINE (MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE Daily Update), Embase, and BIOSIS Previews. The Cochrane Library was searched using the Wiley interface. The search strategy was comprised of both controlled vocabulary, such as the National Library of Medicine’s MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), and keywords. The main search concepts were diabetes and long-acting insulin analogues (glargine and detemir) and short-acting insulin analogues (glulisine, ILisp, and IAsp). A literature filter was applied to limit retrieval to randomized controlled trials.

L’efficacité des inhibi...

Il est donc nécessaire de comparer, dans le cadre d'ECR, des IPP, d'autres agents stimulant la motilité gastrique (comme le dompéridone) et des antagonistes H2 dans la dyspepsie fonctionnelle, en présence et en l'absence de H. pylori.

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Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that PPIs are effective in functional dyspepsia as compared with placebo. Based on other meta-analyses, prokinetic agents such as cisapride and H2-antagonists have lower NNTs than PPIs and thus might appear more efficacious. Unfortunately, there are no direct comparison trials between the three agents and therefore there is no conclusive evidence that one agent is the best. Only one trial has demonstrated no difference between PPIs and H2?antagonists. Further RCTs comparing PPIs, other prokinetic agents (such as domperidone), and H2?antagonists, in H.pylori positive and negative patients with functional dyspepsia, are needed. .

Antipsychotiques atypiq...

Les échelles PANSS et CGI sont les instruments de mesure de l’efficacité dans la majorité des ECR choisis, mais il faut savoir que la relation entre la variation du score PANSS et l’évolution de l’état de santé du patient à long terme n’a pas été précisément établie42.

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It was difficult to compare across trials because of differences in dosing and because the RCTs included patients with various treatment histories — often, dosing levels and treatment history were not reported. There was also heterogeneity in reported outcomes (e.g., different definitions for inadequate control) and lack of data on many clinically important outcomes. In particular, there was insufficient evidence available for mortality, hospitalizations, relapse rates, suicidality, health-related quality of life, level of function, and long-term adverse effects of combination or high-dose antipsychotic use. PANSS and CGI were the primary efficacy outcomes reported in the majority of included RCTs; however, the relationship between the change in PANSS score and long-term clinical outcomes has not been well-established.42

Conformément aux critères d’admissibilité, l’essai clinique comparatif et randomisé (ECR) évalue l’abstinence durant au moins six mois depuis l’arrêt du tabagisme en vertu d’indicateurs biochimiques validés.

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For the clinical review, a total of 155 articles (from August 1982 to June 2009) describing 143 trials were selected for inclusion in the clinical analyses. To meet the inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) must have reported biochemically validated measures of smoking abstinence from the study start date or from the target quit date of at least six months. Analyses were conducted using a Bayesian random effects model for mixed treatment comparisons meta-analysis. Continuous abstinence rates (patients have not smoked at all since quitting) and point prevalence abstinence rates (patients have not smoked in the past seven days) were analyzed separately.

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Analyse de l’efficacité...

Pour les besoins de l’étude, nous reprenons les données sur le groupe présentant un syndrome coronaire aigu et celles sur le groupe atteint de vasculopathie périphérique qui proviennent de l’essai CAPRIE et celles à propos du groupe atteint de vasculopathie de l’essai CHARISMA; ces essais sont conçus pour examiner le médicament dans les deux indications. Donc, ces deux ECR ne prévoient pas de randomisation, et ce fait est à prendre en considération dans l’interprétation des résultats des analyses de sous-groupes.

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This review has limitations. Not all trial reports documented data on all the outcomes of interest. This may introduce bias, because it has been shown that statistically significant results are more likely to be reported than statistically non-significant results.26 For this review, data from the ACS and PVD groups of the CAPRIE trial and the PVD group of the CHARISMA trial were used, which were designed with a mixed population. Therefore, the groups were not randomized in these two RCTs. This needs to be considered when viewing the results of subgroup analyses.

La méta-analyse retenue a mis en commun des données d’études qui différaient au niveau du devis, de la taille des échantillons, et des paramètres de départ, ce qui réduit la puissance des comparaisons directes. Les trois ECR inclus dans le présent examen portent sur un seul essai (PARTNER).

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The robustness of the evidence on the comparative long-term clinical efficacy of TAVR is limited because of the nature of the available evidence. The included meta-analysis14 pooled data from studies with different designs, sample sizes, and baseline characteristics, reducing the strength of direct comparisons. All three RCTs included in the review were from one trial (PARTNER); patients were randomized, but in the included studies, most study sites were reporting on their initial experiences with TAVR, resulting in a potential learning curve impact on the results as surgeons gained experience with the technique. Patient enrollment into the non-randomized study might have influenced an investigator’s decision to attempt treatment.

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Risque de transmission ...

La recherche comporte des filtres pour l’orienter vers les ETS, les études méthodiques, les métaanalyses, les essais cliniques comparatifs et randomisés (ECR), les études comparatives non randomisées et les lignes directrices.

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An information specialist performed a literature search on key health technology assessment (HTA) resources. The search included all languages and was limited to articles published between January 1, 1990 and October 22, 2010. Regular alerts were current to January 15, 2011. Filters were applied to limit the retrieval to HTAs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled studies, and guidelines. The studies selected were HTAs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and non-randomized controlled trials that evaluated the risk of disease transmission to health care workers exposed to aerosol-generating procedures. The outcome of interest was risk of disease transmission. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Antipsychotiques atypiq...

Deux examinateurs, chacun de son côté, ont sélectionné les études en fonction de critères établis au préalable; ils ont réglé les divergences d’opinions le cas échéant par la discussion ou l’intervention d’un tiers. En fin de compte, l’étude méthodique englobe 30 essais cliniques comparatifs et randomisés (ECR).

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The population of interest for this review was adolescents (aged 13 to 17 years) and adults (aged 18 years and older) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were inadequately managed with one or more AAPs at recommended doses. For the systematic review, a literature search was conducted on June 16, 2010 in medical databases and restricted to English or French publications. Monthly alerts were monitored until publication of the report. A search of grey literature (literature that is not commercially published) was also conducted. Studies were selected independently, by two reviewers, based on set criteria, with discrepancies resolved through discussion or the judgment of a third reviewer. Ultimately, the systematic review encompassed 30 unique randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Les analogues de l’insu...

Au total, 26 articles ont été retenus pour le présent examen. Quatre étaient le compte rendu intégral d’ECR dont le résumé avait été utilisé dans le rapport antérieur de l’ACMTS9. Les données de trois des ECR avaient fait l’objet de deux publications et celles de l’autre ECR, de trois résumés.

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A total of 26 articles were included in the review. Four of these articles were found to be full-text publications of abstracts included in the previous CADTH report.9 Data from each of three RCTs were reported in two separate publications, while data from one RCT were reported in three abstracts. Because the various reports contained information on different outcomes, they were all included in the review. The combined total number of selections from the updating process and studies selected in the technology report9 was 58. These 58 articles represented 52 unique RCTs. Of these, 32 were on type 1 diabetes (including both pediatric and adult populations) and 20 were on adult patients with type 2 diabetes. No RCTs pertaining to long-acting insulin analogues in gestational diabetes or pediatric type 2 diabetes were identified. Trial duration ranged from four to 52 weeks. The overall quality of most RCTs was low. All studies were of open-label design.

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Les dispositifs à ultr...

Quant à lui, le troisième examen arrivait à la conclusion suivante : « Les données probantes provenant d’ECR sont insuffisantes pour justifier la promotion de stratégies cliniques fondées sur l’utilisation de l’échographie dans l’établissement d’un diagnostic chez les patients chez qui l’on soupçonne la présence d’un traumatisme abdominal fermé. »

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Two clinical practice guidelines suggested that focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) was useful as an initial screening tool when used by surgeons for patients with blunt abdominal trauma. The recommendations from these guidelines were inconsistent with the findings of three systematic reviews. One concluded that more trials should be conducted before ultrasound is accepted as a standard test for the evaluation of blunt trauma. Another review concluded that in terms of clinically suspected abdominal trauma, other effective assessment (i.e., CT) should be performed regardless of the initial sonographic findings. The third review concluded: “There is insufficient evidence from RCTs to justify promotion of ultrasound-based clinical pathways in diagnosing patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma.”

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Aucun des bisphosphonates ne réduit les fractures de la hanche, les fractures du poignet ou d’autres fractures non vertébrales. L’effet de l’alendronate se limite à la réduction du risque de fractures vertébrales décelées à la radiographie dans un ECR.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define cadth.ca as primary domain	Bisphosphonates have no demonstrated direct impact on clinically important fractures in primary prevention. None of the bisphosphonates showed reductions in hip, wrist, or other non-vertebral fractures. The effect of alendronate is limited to an observed reduced risk of radiographic vertebral fractures in one RCT. This surrogate outcome has been linked to excess morbidity and mortality.

Risque de transmission ...