dpt – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

Sur le plan de la lutte dirigée, les conclusions de l’étude confirment que seules les distances de rotation longues (d’au moins 1,5 km) peuvent prévenir la colonisation par les DPT. Toutefois, les données ont aussi montré que les distances relativement courtes de 200 m sont aussi efficaces à réduire la colonisation que les distances longues de 700 m ou plus, du moins lorsque les doryphores sont de faible densité.

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In terms of pest management, the findings of this study confirm that only long (at least 1.5 km) rotations can prevent CPB colonization. However, the data also reveal that relatively short rotations of 200m can be as effective as longer rotations of 700m or more, at least at low beetle density.

Les résultats ont confirmé l’aire de dispersion de 1,5 km des DPT adultes durant toute la campagne au Canada, mais ont montré une diminution importante de l’abondance des doryphores selon la distance de rotation, et un niveau de stabilisation variant entre 200 et 700 m, contrairement à la diminution presque linéaire se produisant ailleurs.

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Results confirmed for Canada the season long dispersal range of 1.5 km for adult CPB but showed a steep decrease of beetle abundance as a function of rotation distance, with a levelling between 200 and 700m in contrast to the almost linear decrease reported elsewhere. Also, there was no evidence that rotation distances of less than 1.5 km (the season long dispersal range of the beetle) delayed colonization.

À l’aide du modèle, les producteurs pourront aisément simuler des combinaisons d’emplacement des champs de la campagne courante par rapport aux champs de la campagne précédente et, par conséquent, choisir les emplacements de rotation des cultures qui leur permettront de minimiser le risque d’accroissement de la population des DPT et, partant, de réduire la dépendance aux moyens de lutte par insecticides.

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The output of the model developed from this information is a probability distribution for the location and state of a beetle at time, t, after its emergence. The output can be used to compute the expected number of beetles at any location given a specified pattern of emergence. Model simulations can easily be run for the different combinations of previous year and new field locations planned by growers to help them select crop rotation locations that will minimize the risk of CPB population build-up and thereby reduce dependence on insecticide control.

La résistance des lignées de pommes de terre au DPT a été déterminée par l’évaluation des réactions des plants aux dommages du DPT dans un essai in vitro des préférences alimentaires du ravageur mené dans des boîtes de Petri avec des doryphore adultes.

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zoospores. Resistance was evaluated based on the severity of detached leaves. The resistance of potato lines to CPB was determined by assessing plant reactions to CPB damage in an in vitro feeding preference assay performed in Petri dishes using adult CBPs. Superior phenotypes for late blight or CPB resistance were selected and field planted to evaluate appearance, agronomic performance and yield. Promising resistant lines were further screened in the field for their resistance and stability of agronomic traits in breeding programs. During the course of the project, specific PCR primers were developed from SSR, EST and STS markers linked to resistance genes, and used to identify and confirm resistant lines.

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Un modèle prévisionnel pour le doryphore de la pomme de terre (DPT) utilisable dans le cadre des programmes de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs de la pomme de terre a été élaboré en fonction des données recueillies en 2004 et 2005 à partir, respectivement, de 10 et de 12 champs commerciaux de pommes de terre.

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A Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) forecasting model for use in commercial potato insect IPM programs was developed based on data collected from 10 and 12 commercial potato fields in 2004 and 2005, respectively. This spring colonization data established that current year potato fields nearest previous year potato fields are colonized by significantly more beetles than more distant fields. The emergence pattern of CPB from overwintering sites was estimated using a logistic degree-day model and compared to the corresponding pattern of field colonization. This comparison revealed the presence of a reservoir of colonizers estimated at 35% of the season long colonizing population. This reservoir of colonizers emerges before potato plants break the ground, and probably explains the rapid and abundant colonization of fields closest to previous year's fields.

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Experimental Investigat...

Le doryphore de la pomme de terre (DPT), Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptères : Chrysomélidés), un ravageur des cultures de pomme de terre, et trois microorganismes (Streptomyces scabies, Clavibacter michiganensis et Pythium ultimum) qui causent de graves dommages à l’agriculture canadienne étaient fortement affectés par la biohuile de tabac produite à toutes les températures de pyrolyse.

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Tobacco bio-oil, gases, and char were produced through pyrolysis of tobacco leaves using a fluidized bed pilot plant under varying temperature (350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C) and residence time (5, 10, and 17 s) conditions. The optimized condition for the production of bio-oil was found to be at 500 °C at a vapor residence time of 5 s, giving a bio-oil yield of 43.4%. The Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a destructive pest toward potato crops, and three microorganisms (Streptomyces scabies, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Pythium ultimum), all problematic in Canadian agriculture, were strongly affected by tobacco bio-oil generated at all pyrolysis temperatures. Nicotine-free fractions of the tobacco bio-oil were prepared through liquid-liquid extraction, and high mortality rates for the CPB and inhibited growth for the microorganisms were still observed. A potential pesticide from tobacco bio-oil adds value to the biomass as well as the pyrolysis process.

Experimental Investigat...

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Un total d’environ 3 300 plants hybrides ont été produits à partir de semences hybrides rétrocroisées. La moitié de ces plants ont montré une résistance au mildiou, mais moins d’un tiers d’entre eux seulement ont montré une résistance au DPT.

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Healthy hybrid seeds were developed over the three years of the project. A total of approximately 3300 hybrid plants were produced from backcrossed hybrid seeds. Half of these plants have shown resistance to late blight, but only less than one third have shown resistance to CPB. Lines with the highest levels of resistance to late blight and CBP were selected to backcross with elite potato germplasm. Lines derived from this backcross were then evaluated for resistance in the greenhouse setting, and resistant lines were planted in the field for the evaluation of agronomic performance. Approximately 5% of the hybrid lines planted in single hills was selected based on overall appearance, tuber number, tuber shape, and agronomic traits. These selected lines were tested again in the greenhouse for late blight and CPB resistance. Approximately 20 lines with the highest level of resistance and good agronomic performance were selected for further breeding trials for cultivar development. In the course of the trial, several pairs of specific primers were developed from SSR, EST and STS markers linked to resistance genes and used to identify resistant clones. Several molecular markers closely linked with late blight resistance have been developed and will be used for marker assisted selection breeding.

et le doryphore de la pomme de terre (DPT) sont respectivement la maladie et l’insecte qui ravagent le plus la culture de la pomme de terre dans le monde entier. Le DPT peut réduire le rendement des cultures de pomme de terre de 30 à 50 %.

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and Colorado potato beetle (CPB) are the most devastating disease and insect pests in potatoes worldwide, respectively. CBPs can reduce yields by 30-50% and late blight, under suitably wet or humid conditions, can spread rapidly in potato plants, resulting in defoliation, plant death and yield losses up to 100%. Chemical control is one of the major management solutions for both pests. Approximately 20 million kilograms of pesticides are used annually for the control of these two pests in Canada. Heavy application of pesticides causes public concerns about pest resistance to pesticides, food safety, and environmental contamination, which have fueled interest in developing alternative methods of control. Host plant resistance offers long-term, sustainable and cost-efficient pest control, and is an important part of an integrated pest management system. Therefore, the development of new potato cultivars with high or even moderate levels of resistance to both late blight and CPB would significantly benefit potato production while reducing pesticide-associated risks. The present project builds on the success of project PRR03-140, in which resistance to late blight and CPB was identified and characterized from the wild Mexican species