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Keybot 31 Résultats  www.evolutionmegalab.org
  Evolution MegaLab  
Cofrestrwch ac ychwanegwch eich canfyddiadau
Register and add your own findings
  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  
Mae miloedd lawer ohonynt, wedi eu casglu'n bennaf o leiaf 30 mlynedd yn nol. Gwnewch eich arolwg eich hunain a pan fyddwch chi cofrestr a mewnbynnwch eich data bydd y wefan yn chwilio ein cronfa ddata hanesyddol yn awtomatig ac yn dangos unrhyw newidiadau yn yr ardal i chi.
We have collected together all the historical records of banded snail shell patterns that we can find. There are many thousands of them, mainly collected at least 30 years ago. Do a survey of your own and when you register and enter your data the website will automatically search our historical database and show you any changes that have occurred in your area. Visit the Instructions section to get started.
  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  
Efallai bod hyn oherwydd bod eich ardal o dan gwmwl neu heb ei fapio mewn digon o fanylder. Os ydych yn defnyddio cofnodwr GPS i nodi lleoliad eich safle, sicrhewch ei fod wedi ei osod i gofnodi lledred a hydred degol ac nid graddau/munudau/eiliadau.
You can type in your own latitude and longitude co-ordinates in the location details box. You may find this useful if you are not able to accurately pin point your sample site. This may be because the area is under cloud or has not been mapped in enough detail. If you are using a GPS recorder to record site location, ensure it is set to record the decimal latitude and longitude not degrees/minutes/seconds.
  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  
Mae gwyddonwyr wedi bod yn astudio'r malwod haenog am nifer o flynyddoedd ac maent wedi canfod bod y mathau â chregyn tywyllach yn fwy cyffredin mewn coetiroedd ble mae lliw cefndir brown, tra mewn glaswellt mae malwod haenog yn dueddol o fod yn fwy golau, melyn a stribedi.
Scientists have been studying the banded snail for many years and have found that the darker shell types tend to be more common in woodland where the background colour is brown, while in grass banded snails tend to be lighter-coloured, yellow and more stripy. This variation is thought to be adaptive, at least in part providing camouflage.
  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  
Yn gyffredinol mae malwod yn bwyta planhigion; maent hefyd yn bwyta algâu a defnydd sy'n darfod ac yn ffurfio rhan bwysig o'r rhwydwaith fwyd. Mae ganddynt filoedd o ddannedd bach iawn sydd wedi eu lleoli ar ruban o'r enw radwla.
Snails generally eat plants; they also eat algae and decaying matter and form an important part of the food web. They have thousands of tiny teeth which are located on a ribbon like tongue called a radula. This works like a file and rips the food to bits. Cepaea snails usually only eat dead and decaying vegetation.
  Evolution MegaLab  
Bydd y data hwn yn cael ei ddefnyddio gan wyddonwyr eraill ac efallai'n cael ei osod ar y We pan fydd yr astudiaeth wedi ei gwblhau, ond ni fydd unrhyw fanylion personol yn cael ei gadw yn y set data hon.
The Cepaea data that you provide us with will become part of the dataset that will be used in a scientific study. These data will be shared with other scientists and quite possibly posted on the Internet when the study is complete, but no personal data will be kept in this dataset. Your sample(s) will be anonymous.
  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  
I ddarganfod lleoliad ar y map gallwch ddefnyddio'r panel rheoli ar yr ochr chwith uchaf Er mwyn chwyddo mewn ac allan defnyddio'r botymau [ + ][ - ] drwy glicio arnynt, neu gallwch lusgo'r llithrydd Gallwch symud y map o gwmpas drwy ddefnyddio'r botymau cyfeiriad uwchben y botymau chwyddo.
To find a location on the map you can use the controls in the top left. To zoom in or out use the [+][-] buttons by clicking on them, or you can drag the slider. You can move the map around using the directional buttons above the zoom buttons.
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Teimlyddion: Dau bâr a ellir eu tynnu'n ôl, ar wyneb uchaf pen y falwen, defnyddir i alluogi'r falwen i deimlo pethau. Mae'r llygaid wedi eu lleoli ar ddiwedd y teimlyddion hir uchaf; mae'r rhai isaf yn delio ac arogl.
Tentacles: Two retractable pairs, on the upper surface of the snail's head, used to help the snail feel things. The eyes are located at the tips of the upper, long pair of tentacles; the lower pair are concerned with smell.
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Neu, gallwch ddefnyddio’r map yn uniongyrchol drwy glicio arno a'i ddewis. Er mwyn chwyddo i mewn cliciwch fotwm chwith y llygoden dwywaith, ac i chwyddo allan cliciwch dwywaith ar y botwm de. Bydd y map yn canoli i'r man a gliciwyd arno wrth chwyddo.
Alternatively, you can use the map directly by clicking and draging it. To zoom in double click the left mouse button, and to zoom out double click the right button. The map will center to the clicked location at the same time as zooming.
  Evolution MegaLab  
Defnyddir Google Maps i arddangos y data ac nid yw'r swyddogaeth hon ar gael i rai sy'n dibynnu ar fysellfwrdd neu'r sawl hynny sy'n defnyddio porwr sgrin. Ond, mae'r data cyfoes ar gael i lawr lwytho mewn taenlen Excel sy'n cynnig mynediad amgen cyfyngedig.
Google Maps is used to display the data and this functionality is not yet accessible for those who rely on a keyboard or those who use a screenreader. However, the current data are available to download in an Excel spreadsheet which offers limted alternative access.
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Mae gan y ddwy rywogaeth Cepaea gylchred bywyd tebyg iawn i'w gilydd. Yn gyffredinol maent yn gaeafgysgu, yn cymharu o gwmpas mis Mai ac yn dodwy wyau yn yr haf. Maent yn cymryd tua thair blynedd i ddod yn oedolion.
The two species of Cepaea have very similar life-cycles. Generally they hibernate in the winter, mate around May time and lay their eggs in the summer. They take approximately three years to become adult.
  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  
Mae’r cragen yn wyn, yn aml a nifer o bandiau troellog fwy tywyll ac smotiog. Bydd oedolion yn aml yn gorffwys mewn niferoedd mawr rhan o’r ffordd i fyny planhigion. Mae ganddo fogail bach ond gweladwy.
The shell is white, often with a multitude of darker spiral bands and blotches. Adults often rest in large numbers some way up plants. It has a small, but clearly visible umbilicus.
  Colour_and_banding_help  
O bryd i’w gilydd, hefyd, gall fod olion ysgafn iawn o fandiau uwchben ac o dan yr un canolog (gelwir hyn yn “bandiau lloeren”).
Sometimes there may be a wider smudge of band pigment behind the mouth , but if there is only one band continuing round the whorls, score it as one banded.
  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  
Mae malwod fwyaf gweithgar ac yn hawdd dod o hyd iddynt pan mae amgylchiadau yn gynnes a tamp. Felly, byddwch ond yn dod o hyd iddynt yn ystod y gwanwyn a’r haf (Diwedd Mawrth – Diwedd Medi).
Snails are most active and easy to find when conditions are warm and damp. So, you will only find them in spring and summer (End of March - End of September).
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Mae gan falwod nifer o ysglyfaethwyr gan gynnwys y fronfraith, ac adar mwy megis pïod Mae chwistlod, llygod, llygod mawr a draenogod hefyd yn eu bwyta yn ogystal â phryfaid gan gynnwys magïen a rhai chwilod.
Snails have many predators including song thrushes and bigger birds like magpies. Shrews, mice, rats and hedgehogs also eat them as well as insects including the glow worm and some beetles.
  Adult_vs_juvenile  
Mae adnabod y gwahaniaeth rhwng malwod ifanc ac aeddfed yn hawdd, mae dau beth allweddol i edrych amdano:
Telling the difference between adult and juvenile snails is easy, there are just two keys things to look for:
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Os ydych ac unrhyw broblemau gyda'r safle hwn gan gynnwys edrych ar fapiau, dyma rhai pethau i'w ystyried.
If you are experiencing any problems with this site including viewing the maps, here are a few things to consider.
  Evolution MegaLab  
Cymerwch olwg ar y fidio byr hwn sy'n dweud wrthych sut i gynnal helfa malwod ac i adnabod malwod yn gywir.
Take a look at this short video which tells you how to carry out a snail hunt and identify the snails correctly.
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Mae malwod yn fenyw ac yn wryw, gan olygu bod ganddynt system atgenhedlu wrywaidd a benywaidd, ond rhaid i falwod atgenhedlu er mwyn cael eu ffrwythloni.
Snails are hermaphrodites, meaning that every individual has both male and female reproductive systems, but snails still have to mate in order to be fertile.
  Evolution MegaLab  
Printiwch y dogfennau pdf canlynol er mwyn ei gymryd allan â chi, maent yn darparu gwybodaeth ar sut i gynnal helfa malwod ac i adnabod malwod haenog:
Print off the following pdfs to take out into the field with you, they provide information on how to conduct a snail hunt and identify banded snails:
  Evolution MegaLab  
Am wybodaeth am y Brifysgol Agored, gan gynnwys ein polisïau Preifatrwydd a Diogelwch cerwch i www.open.ac.uk.
For information about the Open University, including our general Privacy and Security policies, please go to www.open.ac.uk.
  Evolution MegaLab  
Darwin ac esblygiad
Darwin and evolution
  Evolution MegaLab  
Yn y DU ac Iwerddon ceir dwy Gymdeithas ble gallwch ganfod mwy o wybodaeth am bob math o folysgiaid:
In the UK and Ireland there are two Societies where you go to find out more information on all types of molluscs:
  Evolution MegaLab  
Ymchwiliwch y dolenni hyn i ganfod ragor o wybodaeth am falwod, Darwin ac esblygiad.
Explore these links to find out further information about snails, Darwin and evolution.
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Addasiad yw priodwedd etifeddol sy'n gwella'r siawns y bydd organedd yn goroesi ac yn atgenhedlu mewn amgylchiadau neu amgylchedd penodol. Er enghraifft, mae fel arfer amledd uwch o gregyn tywyllach mewn poblogaethau Cepaea sy'n byw mewn cynefinoedd cysgodol megis coedtiroedd nag mewn cynefinoedd agord megis glaswelltiroedd.
An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that improves the chance that an organism will survive and reproduce in particular circumstances or in a particular environment. For example, there is usually a higher frequency of darker shells in Cepaea populations living in shaded habitats such as woodlands than in open habitats such as grasslands. This is thought to be because shell colours that match the background (darker in shaded habitats) provide better camouflage against birds that eat the snails. Dark shell colour in shaded habitats is therefore an adaptation to these habitats and light shell colour is adaptive in open habitats.
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Yn fwy penodol, gallwch gofnodi cyfansoddiad geneteg y boblogaeth drwy edrych ar briodweddau cregyn. Mae'r priodweddau hyn yn addasol ac amrywiol mewn Cepaea, felly mae'n bosib edrych ar effeithiau'r dewis naturiol.
Cepaea are very good model organisms for the study of evolution in the wild because they 'carry their genes upon their backs'. More exactly, you can record the genetic composition of a population by looking at shell characteristics. These characteristics are adaptive and variable in Cepaea, so it is possible to look for the effects of natural selection. Because of these advantages, there is a large dataset of historical information on Cepaea populations that we are now able to use as a baseline for the Evolution MegaLab investigation.