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Molekularno bistvo življenskih procesov je zaporedje nizkoenergijskih dogodkov, pri katerih je začetna stopnja medsebojno prepoznavanje biomolekul. Za prepoznavanje je poleg strukture biomolekul pomemben učinek okolice. Najbolj običajna okolica pri biološki prepoznavi je voda. Prav tako pomembna pa je tudi lipidna okolica v membranskih procesih.
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Life processes are based on cascades of low energy events in which the initial phase is molecular recognition. Molecular recognition is determined by the three-dimensional structure of biomolecules and solvent effects. The most commonly encountered solvent in biomolecular recognition is water; however, lipid environment in membranes is equally important. The low energy level of biological processes is a consequence of non-covalent interactions between biomolecules. These interactions are essential for molecular recognition in three-dimensional molecular organization in which there are no changes in covalent bonding, and in biochemical reactions in which covalent bonding is changed. To understand the structural organization and function of biomolecular systems, it is therefore crucial to determine, as precisely as possible, the nature and energetics of non-covalent inter and intra-molecular interactions of biomolecules. These interactions are: hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, solvation, hydrophobicity, van der Waals forces, etc. One of the numerous recognition processes in living organisms, which excel in importance and complexity, is the protein-folding problem. Protein folding is a process in which a molecule is transformed from denatured state to its biologically active native conformation. The information needed to build the native three-dimensional structure of a one-domain protein is encoded in the sequence of amino-acid residues. The essence of the protein-folding problem is the unraveling of this code.
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